Fonoaudiología-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/258

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Detección de trastornos deglutorios en adultos mayores del Centro Geriátrico “Los Jardines” de Cuenca, septiembre 2023- febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Oyervide Pesántez, Andrea Fernanda; Vélez Campoverde, Carol María; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Swallowing disorders are a condition that primarily affects the digestive system due to anatomical and physiological alterations of the organs and muscles that participate in the process. Detecting swallowing disorders in institutionalized older adult patients is of vital importance since it is a vulnerable population where this condition is more prevalent. According to reported statistical data, the frequency with which swallowing disorders occur is 16.5% in older adults worldwide and 5.40% at a local level. Objective: Detect swallowing disorders in older adults at the “Los Jardines” Geriatric Center in Cuenca 2023-2024. Methodological design: Descriptive-cross-sectional research that was carried out by applying the abbreviated Minimental test, EAT 10 and GUSS. Subsequently, a data matrix was created using SPSS version 22 software, and the central tendency analysis commonly used in cross-sectional studies was applied. Results: 49 Older Adults were included, predominantly female with 61.2% (30). The prevalent age was 75-84 years with 49% (24). Coexisting diseases, Senil Dementia predominated with 49% (24). The EAT-10 showed a higher prevalence at risk of suffering from swallowing disorders with 73.5% (36). In the GUSS test, mild dysphagia with low risk of aspiration predominated, at 36.7% (18). Conclusion: swallowing disorders were greater in females with the presence of mild dysphagia with low risk of aspiration
Estado auditivo de adultos mayores del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, septiembre 2023 - febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-11) Muñoz Urgilez, Lisseth Nohemy; Monge Sari, Alexandra Maribel; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Hearing refers to the ability of humans to listen. To be fulfilled effectively, anatomical structures and correct physiology of the hearing organ are required. This faculty allows individuals to communicate through language and interact in their social environment; however, alterations can occur in the auditory system, which might trigger sensorineural hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss increases as people age. Approximately 25% to 30% of adults over 60 years suffer from hearing loss, which causes negative effects on their quality of life: loss of independence and social interaction. Objective: To determine the hearing status in older adults who received medical care at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital from September 2023 to February 2024. Methods: Data was collected from the automated daily record of outpatient consultations and care (RDACAA). SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) v29 was used to store information in the data collection form, which allowed the visualization of data using tables and percentages. Results: Out of 142 users, data shows that 96,5 % of them reported hearing loss, of which females were more affected (52,1 %). Age range of 70-74 years was the one that prevailed (21,1%). A patient suffering from arterial hypertension was reported (0.7%). Conclusions: There was a higher percentage of users with moderate sensorineural hearing loss.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia en adultos mayores del Centro Audicfacial. 2018-2020. Cuenca. 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-12-09) González Llivisaca, Joseline Samantha; Juca Gavilanes, Lourdes Patricia; Deleg Guazha, Liliana Magali
Hearing is a process that allows us to perceive and interpret sound stimuli from the external environment, it can be affected by genetic, congenital, biological, anatomical, environmental aspects, among others, which can occur at any stage of the life cycle, generate a unilateral condition or bilateral with different types and degrees of hearing loss. In adults, hearing changes occur as part of the auditory anatomy and physiology, which are associated with aging (1) (2). GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in the Audicfacial center. 2018-2020. Cuenca 2021. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive and retrospective study. The sample is made up of 126 users of the Audicfacial hearing center of the city of Cuenca, to obtain the data a review of the data was carried out, from the period 2018 - 2020, in users 65 years of age and older with hearing loss. The data obtained were recorded in a form, while their analysis was tabulated using the SPSS 24.0 free version and Microsoft Excel 2013, which allowed the preparation and construction of tables. RESULTS: The 57.1% of women had hearing loss, the age range with the highest prevalence is between 65 and 75 years with 54.8%, in which sensorineural hearing loss stands out with 74.6%, a moderate degree with the 42.9% and bilateral extension with 87.3%. Finally, in relation to occupation, “others” prevailed with a predominance of moderate sensorineural hearing loss with 27%.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia en el adulto mayor del centro fonoaudiológico Oídos, Cuenca- Ecuador, periodo 2019- 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-06) Bravo Mora, Diego Andrés; León Robles, Carlos Alberto; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Background: hearing loss is a disease with a global distribution that occurs at all ages; however, an increase in the number of cases is noted from the sixth decade of life. It is essential to know the clinical and demographic characteristics of this population in order to provide the best possible care. Objective: to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in older adults at the Oídos speech therapy center in the period 2019-2021.Method: a descriptive study of 120 people was carried out. The statistics used for the quantitative variables will be central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) while the rest of the variables will be presented with frequencies and percentages. Results: a prevalence of hearing loss of 68.9% is evident. The age group of young older adults predominates with 47.5%. 63.3% of the population were men. 62.5% of people live in an urban area. The most frequently observed antecedents were pharmacological (23.3%) and trauma (17.5%). The predominant comorbidity is hypertension with 37.5%. Most participants have sensorineural (56.7%), severe (35%) and bilateral (80.8%) hearing loss. The clinical characteristics are distributed similarly in both sexes. A greater number of trauma histories are observed in older adults. Conclusions: an epidemiological profile similar to that of other studies is evident. As additional data, an increase in trauma history is observed in older adults
Problemas deglutorios y calidad de vida de adultos mayores del Centro de Cuidados del Adulto Mayor, Cuenca, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-10) Llapa Chiqui, Shirley Lizbeth; Barros Vanegas , Diego Armando; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: swallowing problems are diseases that affect the digestive system, with dysphagia the most common symptom; this condition compromises older adults who suffer anatomical and physiological changes at the swallowing system. Several risk factors, such as concomitant pathologies, consumption of drugs, and use or prostheses, contribute to these problems, impairing their quality of life. Its prevalence ranges between 15 and 22% worldwide and approximately 30% in Latin America. Objectives: to determine swallowing problems and quality of life in older adults at the Elderly Care Center, Cuenca, 2024-2025. Methods: a descriptive-transversal study was conducted on 110 older adults at the Elderly Care Center. A data collection form, the EAT-10 test to evaluate dysphagia, and the SWALL-QOL to measure quality of life were used. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 29. Results: 35.5% of the population studied presented swallowing problems, predominantly in woman (25.5%). Of the cases, 30.9% were related to concomitant pathologies, 77.3% to drug use, and 30% to the use of dental prostheses. In the 75-79 age group, 11.8% presented swallowing problems. Regarding quality of life, 5.4% reported a ¨good¨ perception, 68.2% ¨very good¨, and 26.4% ¨excellent¨ quality of life. Conclusions: the findings underscore the importance of identifying and addressing swallowing problems to ensure comprehensive care for older adults that promotes their well-being and quality of life.

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