Acceso a Tesis Pregrado, Posgrado y Doctoral

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Browsing Acceso a Tesis Pregrado, Posgrado y Doctoral by Subject "Abastecimiento de agua"

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    Análisis de la dinámica de consumo y distribución del agua potable en la parroquia Santa Ana
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-23) Baculima Guamán, Paola Gabriela; Zhingri Dután, Vanessa Estefanía; Mora Serrano, Diego Esteban; Morales Matute, Oscar Patricio
    This study evaluates consumption dynamics and operating conditions of the drinking water distribution system in the rural parish of Santa Ana, Cuenca canton, during the period 2020–2024. The methodology involved collecting consumption records per user and gathering information on existing infrastructure: water intakes, treatment plant, and storage tanks. Descriptive statistical tools in Microsoft Excel and geospatial analysis using QGIS were used for the analysis, which allowed for the spatial representation of consumption patterns and infrastructure distribution. The results show significant differences in consumption levels between communities, with a concentration in lower consumption subranges and the identification of sectors with high demand. These variations, together with possible losses in the system, reveal operational deficiencies that affect the equity and efficiency of resource distribution. In this context, there is a need to strengthen the technical management of the system and promote a more rational and sustainable use of drinking water in the parish.
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    Control de calidad física química y microbiológica del agua potable de la comunidad rural Sisid Anejo, parroquia Ingapirca, provincia del Cañar
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-07) Chica Minchala, Erika Dennis; Chimborazo Angamarca, Sisa Pakari; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
    Water constitutes as the most important resource for planet earth, being vital for the global economic and social development. It is considered as one of the fundamental natural resources for life development. Because of it is multiple uses, the provisioning of water for domestic use is the most demanding, in terms of quality and supply (Cava & Ramos, 2016) (Cirelli, 2012). The present degree work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the quality of drinking water that is distributed in the rural community of Sisid Anejo, of Ingapirca Parish, belonging to the Canton and Province of Cañar, with the measurements respective parameter of physical, chemical and microbiological; and based on the obtained results, make a contrast with the established requirements by the Ecuadorian Institute of Normalization “INEN” 1108:2020 and by the Regulation of the Quality of Water for the Human Consumption of Peru. The total of water samples analyzed were 69, which were randomly selected into the three zones of study. The physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out for 12 weeks between the months of December 2019, January and February 2020, at the Laboratory of Analysis for Quality of the Water and Soil at the University of Cuenca -Balzay Campus, with the exception of chlorine residual and the pH that were determined in situ with the help of the Colorimeter DR 1890 and Water Quality Meter 850081 equipment, respectively. In the data analysis, two types of study were applied: descriptive and analytic using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. Based the obtained results it was evident that the parameters physiochemical meet with the reference standards, with exception of the free chlorine residual in the three study zones and the pH mainly in the low zone. Regarding the microbiological parameters, growth of 4 NMP/100 mL of total Coliforms was observed in two samples of the low zone, and a total negativity for fecal Coliforms in all the study areas.
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    Diseño de anclajes de hormigon para deflexiones horizontales y verticales en tuberías apresión
    (2014) Castro Serrano, Pedro José; Cordero Gulá, Fabián
    This paper presents the designs of different anchoring systems for pressure pipes through calculation programs made on Microsoft Excel. Six different kinds of anchoring systems are analyzed: Vertical anchoring concave, vertical anchoring convex, horizontal anchoring concave, vertical anchoring convex, vertical anchoring on foot slope and vertical anchoring on head slope. The calculation programs have an automatic part where the anchoring shape is assume to be square, and a manual part where the user can input the dimensions and check if they satisfy or not with the soil allowable stresses and with the balance of the anchor block. These programs were developed based on theoretical fundaments of hydraulics, mainly on the obtaining of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces that are generated inside a pressure pipe; structures, on the sizing of the anchor block and the amount of steel which is necessary for the balance of the forces; and soil mechanics where the ground resistance, active and passive pressure, and the friction between materials are considerate; these theoretical basis are collected within this document. All the information provided in this thesis will serve as support and to make faster the design of anchoring systems process mentioned above.
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    Diseño de un sistema de distribución de agua para riego en zonas de alta pendiente para comunidades andinas: aplicación a la comunidad agrícola Namza
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-06-05) Moscoso Idrovo, Juan Diego; Zeas Maza, Marco Esteban; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
    The progressive depletion of water sources and the permanent demand for food, for a constantly growing population, create the need to seek more productive areas, with more efficient and environmentally sustainable irrigation water distribution systems. The Namza agricultural community, being located in the Andes mountain range, presents a rugged topography, where implementing traditional irrigation systems becomes difficult; resulting in low agricultural production. In this sense, this document contemplates the technical study and design of a water distribution system for irrigation in areas of high slope applied in the Namza agricultural community, Chimborazo province. This consists, in the first instance, of information obtained from field inspections and workshops with users that were developed in order to know the current state of the existing irrigation water distribution system, the irrigation needs and production of the farmers. Subsequently, a topographic study was carried out, with the aim of preparing the cadastre of the users with the right and therefore the respective planning of the irrigation shifts. In addition, an analysis of slopes of the study area was carried out, through geographic information system (GIS) programs, to determine the values of irrigable area and non-irrigable area that each plot owns; followed by an edaphological and climatological study to obtain characteristic parameters that allowed the calculation of the water requirements of the project. Finally, adequate hydraulic criteria were established to conceive an efficient design, capable of solving the water needs of the community's farmers. To design the irrigation water distribution system, EPANET free software was used as the main tool, which constitutes specialized software and allows reliability of the results. As part of the comprehensive design proposal, the study includes construction plans, technical design report, system operation and maintenance manual, and construction budget.
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    Drenaje sostenible aplicado a la edificación del aulario de ciencias básicas en el Campus Balzay
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-16) Romero Tigmasa, Edisson Gabriel; Vega Méndez, Edisson Xavier; Idrovo Murillo, Diego Benjamín
    The purpose of this project is to carry out the design of a sustainable drainage system in the Basic Sciences Classroom at the Balzay Campus of the University of Cuenca, which allows efficient use of rainwater in a technical and innovative way. The design proposal is presented as an alternative for saving drinking water in use as flush toilets and urinals, where engineering concepts will be used to provide solutions to the different components of the system. The drainage will be made up of the rainwater collection, transport, storage and distribution system for its respective application. In addition, the sizing of all system components will be carried out in accordance with Ecuadorian standards and implemented design guidelines. In this project, different scenarios were taken into account that may occur when carrying out the design, such as; the precipitation analysis of the last 10 years, the analysis of the driest season and the analysis of half of the catchment area, taking the best option, so that the water supply guarantees the adequate functioning of the sanitary devices. Finally, the implementation of the project is technically feasible, but the results show that an investment of 44278.50 dollars is required, which is initially high, therefore, it can become a problem, if the investment for its implementation is not available. building. In addition, this project seeks to raise awareness to mitigate the impact caused by the inappropriate use of drinking water, through the rainwater collection alternative proposed in the project
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    Evaluación sanitaria y recomendación de correctivos del sistema de abastecimiento de agua de las parroquias Paccha y Octavio Cordero Palacios
    (1990) Quizhpe Peralta, Marcelo Patricio; Solórzano A., Patricio; Ordóñez Espinosa, Galo
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    Evaluación técnica del proceso de filtración rápida y cloración en la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Tixán
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-18) Abad Durán, Daniela Isabel; Guaraca Vásquez, Jonnathan Edmundo; Guanuchi Quito, Alexandra Elizabeth
    The Tixán water treatment plant is a conventional type plant, which belongs to the ETAPA EP company, which is located in the Chiquintad parish of the Cuenca canton, with a maximum flow capacity of 1940 l / s in modules I and II, this plant, aims to supply a projected population of 549646 inhabitants, until the year 2045. The following work was carried out an evaluation of the rapid filtration and chlorination processes within the water treatment plant, to meet this objective the historical data was collected and analyzed of the plant belonging to the years 2019, 2020 and 2021, where the inlet flows will be considered in addition to the physical parameters of the water during the filtration and chlorination process, in order to quantify the performance of the filters belonging to the modules in operation of the plant, which is expressed as a percentage of removal, considering the factors that affect the clogging of each of the filters of the plant and verify the optimal dose of chlorine in each of the chlorination chambers using the residual chlorine data. To carry out the evaluation of the filters and the chlorination chambers, standardized procedures obtained from Manual III from (CEPIS), were established, the tests carried out were: Speed and filtration flow rate, Initial filtration quality, Turbidity of the filtered water, Duration of filtration strokes, Characteristics of the washing system, Duration of the washing process, Characteristics of the filter medium, Granulometry of the filter medium, Filter bed profile, Expansion of the filter bed, mud balls, characteristics of chlorination chambers.
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    Filtración sostenible para la provisión de agua potable en comunidades rurales en desarrollo utilizando biochar generado localmente
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-07) Galarza Guamán, Andrés Geovanny; Barros Bermeo, Mónica Estefanía; García Ávila, Fausto Fernando
    The availability of a drinking water treatment system in developing rural communities is limited or the existing water treatment plant is inefficient, which does not guarantee the quality and safety of the resource for human consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an accessible and highly efficient system that has sustainable solutions. The implementation of biochar as a filter bed in this type of systems is little researched, but due to its large use in sewage treatment and chemical pollutants removal and its ease of production, this research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biochar as a filter media for drinking water treatment for developing communities. The study includes the production of biochar using as residual biomass: eucalyptus (E), bamboo (B) and banana stem (R), through two slow pyrolysis process denominated “a” and “b”, which differ from each other by their temperature and pyrolysis time, with average values around 300 °C and 60 minutes and 400 °C and 107 minutes, respectively. The efficiency of these materials in the filtration process with several types of water (raw, flocculated, and settled) at a rate of 120 m3 /m2 /d, was evaluated, finding that biochar derived from bamboo and manufactured under process “b” (Bb) was the best material filter. Then, under the same operating conditions, Bb was assessed in three different granulometry, determining that the finest effective size (0.65 mm) was the best in the filtration process. Subsequently, this biochar was compared with conventional filter materials such as gravel, sand and anthracite, with several types of water (raw, flocculated and settled) and at different filtration rates (120 and 240 m3 /m2 /d), for the removal of physical parameters (turbidity and color). Thus, it was found that the best filtration media was precisely biochar, with average turbidity and color removal efficiencies, respectively, of 64.37 and 45.08 % for raw water, 93.9 and 90.75 % for flocculated water, and 80.79 and 69.03 %, for settled water. Similarly, the removal of chemical and biological parameters was assessed at a rate of 180 m3 /m2 /d, obtaining the following efficiencies for biochar: copper 75.9 %, aluminum 90.72 %, iron 95.7 %, nitrates 10.9 %, total coliforms 94.3 % and fecal coliforms 88.9 %. Consequently, it was determined that the efficiencies achieved by biochar to remove these metals and total coliforms were the highest among the compared filter beds. Additionally, it was possible to demonstrate that the volume of washing water required by the biochar is lower than that of the other beds. Finally, the efficiencies of turbidity and color removal for mixed beds were assessed (combining various materials), finding that for the treatment of flocculated and settled water, biochar contributes to improving the performance of sand and anthracite in the filtration process. Also, it helps to reduce the volume of water required by these beds during the washing process. The results point to locally produced biochar as a viable option for the provision of drinking water in developing rural communities and an alternative to take into consideration for the achievement of the sixth Sustainable Development Goal by 2030: universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene
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    Organización y calidad del agua de consumo humano y salud, sistema de Agua Tarqui - La Victoria del Portete, Cuenca 2010
    (2011) Pinos Maldonado, María Victoria; Pizarro Sigcha, Karina Elizabeth; Pomavilla Duy, José Vicente; Freire Argudo, Ulises Vicente; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio
    A study combined: 1) qualitative ethnographic about the role organizational and community management of water and 2) crosssectional prevalence, with investigation of frequency and distribution by age and sex of the most common diseases transmitted by water, based on the analysis of 390 surveys and data users Tarqui SCS. Water quality, physical-chemical and microbiological analysis was performed by 2 laboratories with 3 samples taken from: source, reservoir and address.- Results: According to users: The water board is a group of second grade (51.28%), performing management is inadequate (54.87%), water is not potable (92.53%), according to the analysis is inadequate for human consumption and poor water quality associated with gastrointestinal disease (93.59%), which according to statistics from SCS is between the second leading cause of morbidity and affects more children.- Conclusions: accessibility and continuity of service is inadequate water, poor water quality exists, which is associated by users with gastrointestinal disease, more common in children, the analysis performed by laboratories determined that the water is unfit for consumption human.