Acceso a Tesis Pregrado, Posgrado y Doctoral

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Browsing Acceso a Tesis Pregrado, Posgrado y Doctoral by Subject "Aashto"

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    Análisis de alternativas en el diseño de pavimentos flexibles y rígidos por el método AASHTO 93
    (2018) Espinoza Correa, Luis Edinson; Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime Asdrúbal
    Roads are fundamental for the development of towns and cities, for this reason, it is of great importance to have suitably designed roads to support vehicular loads in order that users feel comfortable and safe, however, implement pavement structures with layer thicknesses without performing an adequate analysis, it can generate a high construction cost in any road project. In the present investigation, software has been developed in Matlab that allows to validate different alternatives of flexible and rigid pavement designs with the purpose of carrying out a technical and economic comparative analysis of the total costs of each design; the alternatives are designed based on the method created by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO 93). Several combinations were made depending on the variation of the thicknesses and materials of each layer for different design periods (15, 20 and 40 years); in the different layers, materials with mechanical properties specified in the Ecuadorian highway regulations of the MTOP have been selected. Using the computational tool, it was determined that the lowest cost flexible pavements are those that have treads with minimum thickness according to the number of equivalent axes, economic design period of 40 years, materials with good drainage quality and improved subgrade. For the rigid pavements the best results were obtained by establishing granular base thicknesses of 6.0 to 9.0 inches and with economic design period of 15 years.
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    Análisis de sensibilidad de parámetros en el diseño de pavimentos rígidos por los métodos de la AASHTO y PCA
    (2017) Cabrera Illescas, Abel Bernardo; Urgiles Parra, Diana del Rocío; Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime Asdrúbal
    In the present work of investigation, it has been programmed the methods of PCA (Portland Cement Association) and AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) for the design of rigid pavements in the Matlab Software, in order to analyze the parameters of influence in each method, finding the thickness that optimizes the design and to understand the most relevant parameters in each method.It’s presented an introduction to the basic concepts of rigid pavement design, as well as the statistical analysis of the results obtained from the variation of the parameters. A computational tool permit to perform comparative analysis against the different parameters, such as: materials, traffic, design period, safety factors, and others. In this way, the most appropriate solution is chosen with a certain degree of reliability. From the statistical analysis, the nonlinear experimental method was implemented, this method identifies the relationships between the variables from the experimental data group, and provided models of quadratic equations with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98 for the two methods, indicating the significant parameters. It was determined that the subgrade reaction modulus is the parameter with the greatest influence and the least influence is the rate of vehicle growth for the PCA method. In the case of the AASHTO method the most influential parameter is the load transfer coefficient, while the thickness of the subbase is the least influential.
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    Evaluación vial y plan de rehabilitación y mantenimiento de la vía Azogues- Cojitambo- Déleg- La Raya
    (2017) Garcés Velecela, Diana Patricia; Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime Asdrúbal
    To have an adequate road infrastructure allows the development of any region. Therefore, the road maintenance is important to ensure the proper road performance. Considering that in our country, during the last years, there has been a great investment in road projects and many of them do not have an adequate maintenance, they present premature damages, it is therefore necessary to carry out the road evaluation and establish a rehabilitation and maintenance plan. The present investigation evaluates the current condition of the Azogues-Cojitambo-Déleg- La Raya road, important artery of the Cañar province, which has been classified as a type I road, interprovincial, based on the results of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT = 4723), determined by vehicle counting conducted as part of the present investigation, of which approximately 80% corresponds to light vehicle traffic. From field analysis, it was determined that the road is highly deteriorated, where the lithological composition in combination with the action of external factors such as runoff, rainfall, repeated action of traffic and lack of maintenance accelerate the pavement deterioration processes, presenting several failures. The most common failures are; Alligator cracking, cracking, depressions, potholes, aggregate polishing. Through visual inspection and following the PCI methodology, a pavement condition index of 41 has been established, which corresponds to a "Bad" condition. This result serves to propose the activities to remedy and /or repair the different damages found on the pavement, such as overlays and reconstructions in destroyed sections. These alternatives were designed according to the recommendations given by the AASHTO-93. Additionally, a path is presented for the road conservation activities and a description of the technical specifications and working procedure of each activity and the critical points to be intervened. The work proposed here serves as a working tool for government entities to carry out the necessary activities in the road and /or roads of similar characteristics. It should become a base element of the pavement management system in the area.