Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/276

Browse

Browsing Facultad de Ciencias Químicas by Subject "Abastecimiento de agua"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Control de calidad física química y microbiológica del agua potable de la comunidad rural Sisid Anejo, parroquia Ingapirca, provincia del Cañar
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-07-07) Chica Minchala, Erika Dennis; Chimborazo Angamarca, Sisa Pakari; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
    Water constitutes as the most important resource for planet earth, being vital for the global economic and social development. It is considered as one of the fundamental natural resources for life development. Because of it is multiple uses, the provisioning of water for domestic use is the most demanding, in terms of quality and supply (Cava & Ramos, 2016) (Cirelli, 2012). The present degree work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the quality of drinking water that is distributed in the rural community of Sisid Anejo, of Ingapirca Parish, belonging to the Canton and Province of Cañar, with the measurements respective parameter of physical, chemical and microbiological; and based on the obtained results, make a contrast with the established requirements by the Ecuadorian Institute of Normalization “INEN” 1108:2020 and by the Regulation of the Quality of Water for the Human Consumption of Peru. The total of water samples analyzed were 69, which were randomly selected into the three zones of study. The physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out for 12 weeks between the months of December 2019, January and February 2020, at the Laboratory of Analysis for Quality of the Water and Soil at the University of Cuenca -Balzay Campus, with the exception of chlorine residual and the pH that were determined in situ with the help of the Colorimeter DR 1890 and Water Quality Meter 850081 equipment, respectively. In the data analysis, two types of study were applied: descriptive and analytic using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. Based the obtained results it was evident that the parameters physiochemical meet with the reference standards, with exception of the free chlorine residual in the three study zones and the pH mainly in the low zone. Regarding the microbiological parameters, growth of 4 NMP/100 mL of total Coliforms was observed in two samples of the low zone, and a total negativity for fecal Coliforms in all the study areas.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluación técnica del proceso de filtración rápida y cloración en la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Tixán
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-18) Abad Durán, Daniela Isabel; Guaraca Vásquez, Jonnathan Edmundo; Guanuchi Quito, Alexandra Elizabeth
    The Tixán water treatment plant is a conventional type plant, which belongs to the ETAPA EP company, which is located in the Chiquintad parish of the Cuenca canton, with a maximum flow capacity of 1940 l / s in modules I and II, this plant, aims to supply a projected population of 549646 inhabitants, until the year 2045. The following work was carried out an evaluation of the rapid filtration and chlorination processes within the water treatment plant, to meet this objective the historical data was collected and analyzed of the plant belonging to the years 2019, 2020 and 2021, where the inlet flows will be considered in addition to the physical parameters of the water during the filtration and chlorination process, in order to quantify the performance of the filters belonging to the modules in operation of the plant, which is expressed as a percentage of removal, considering the factors that affect the clogging of each of the filters of the plant and verify the optimal dose of chlorine in each of the chlorination chambers using the residual chlorine data. To carry out the evaluation of the filters and the chlorination chambers, standardized procedures obtained from Manual III from (CEPIS), were established, the tests carried out were: Speed and filtration flow rate, Initial filtration quality, Turbidity of the filtered water, Duration of filtration strokes, Characteristics of the washing system, Duration of the washing process, Characteristics of the filter medium, Granulometry of the filter medium, Filter bed profile, Expansion of the filter bed, mud balls, characteristics of chlorination chambers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Filtración sostenible para la provisión de agua potable en comunidades rurales en desarrollo utilizando biochar generado localmente
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-07) Galarza Guamán, Andrés Geovanny; Barros Bermeo, Mónica Estefanía; García Ávila, Fausto Fernando
    The availability of a drinking water treatment system in developing rural communities is limited or the existing water treatment plant is inefficient, which does not guarantee the quality and safety of the resource for human consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an accessible and highly efficient system that has sustainable solutions. The implementation of biochar as a filter bed in this type of systems is little researched, but due to its large use in sewage treatment and chemical pollutants removal and its ease of production, this research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biochar as a filter media for drinking water treatment for developing communities. The study includes the production of biochar using as residual biomass: eucalyptus (E), bamboo (B) and banana stem (R), through two slow pyrolysis process denominated “a” and “b”, which differ from each other by their temperature and pyrolysis time, with average values around 300 °C and 60 minutes and 400 °C and 107 minutes, respectively. The efficiency of these materials in the filtration process with several types of water (raw, flocculated, and settled) at a rate of 120 m3 /m2 /d, was evaluated, finding that biochar derived from bamboo and manufactured under process “b” (Bb) was the best material filter. Then, under the same operating conditions, Bb was assessed in three different granulometry, determining that the finest effective size (0.65 mm) was the best in the filtration process. Subsequently, this biochar was compared with conventional filter materials such as gravel, sand and anthracite, with several types of water (raw, flocculated and settled) and at different filtration rates (120 and 240 m3 /m2 /d), for the removal of physical parameters (turbidity and color). Thus, it was found that the best filtration media was precisely biochar, with average turbidity and color removal efficiencies, respectively, of 64.37 and 45.08 % for raw water, 93.9 and 90.75 % for flocculated water, and 80.79 and 69.03 %, for settled water. Similarly, the removal of chemical and biological parameters was assessed at a rate of 180 m3 /m2 /d, obtaining the following efficiencies for biochar: copper 75.9 %, aluminum 90.72 %, iron 95.7 %, nitrates 10.9 %, total coliforms 94.3 % and fecal coliforms 88.9 %. Consequently, it was determined that the efficiencies achieved by biochar to remove these metals and total coliforms were the highest among the compared filter beds. Additionally, it was possible to demonstrate that the volume of washing water required by the biochar is lower than that of the other beds. Finally, the efficiencies of turbidity and color removal for mixed beds were assessed (combining various materials), finding that for the treatment of flocculated and settled water, biochar contributes to improving the performance of sand and anthracite in the filtration process. Also, it helps to reduce the volume of water required by these beds during the washing process. The results point to locally produced biochar as a viable option for the provision of drinking water in developing rural communities and an alternative to take into consideration for the achievement of the sixth Sustainable Development Goal by 2030: universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene