Tesis de Maestría

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/27033

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Actitudes y aptitudes de los profesionales de enfermería en la promoción de la salud de acuerdo al modelo de Nola Pender, Cantón Cañar 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-20) Guamán Álvarez, Ana Lucía; Merchán, María Gerardina
Back Background: in public health settings, the role of nursing in health promotion and prevention has made a difference in the health team; possibly due to their training and the attitudes and aptitudes for their performance in the areas of the first level of care using various health promotion methodologies; within the framework of a biologic, curative, medicalized system. Objective: to describe the attitudes and skills of nursing professionals in health promotion according to the Nola Pender model in Cantón Cañar 2022. Methodological design: qualitative-ethnographic study, voluntary convenience sampling, under the criterion of theoretical saturation by snowball, applying semi-structured interviews to 9 nursing professionals from the first level of care district 03D02, parliaments that were categorized and coded using Atlas.ti (v.22). Results: 43 codes emerged grouped into themes: 1 nursing action in health promotion, 2. Pender model in the community context focused on promotion, and 3. interventions based on comprehensive health needs; three categories encompass the study phenomenon: attitudes, aptitudes and health promotion. Conclusions: nursing professionals from the Canton of Cañar show outstanding attitudes and skills related to health promotion, using the Pender model as a reference, highlighting that they are positive when changing behaviors in the population; and negative due to limitations in the environment due to lack of recognition; This observed reality shows that nursing is fully aware of its responsibility in health care.
Aplicación del modelo de Virginia Henderson al personal de enfermería a cargo del cuidado del adulto mayor con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el primer nivel de atención de salud de la Provincia de Cañar, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-29) Vázquez Bravo, María José; Burgueño Alcalde, Francisca
Antecedents: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the leading cause of death in older adults globally and in Ecuador. To address this problem, the Ministry of Public Health (MOH) promotes Primary Health Care (PHC), focusing on patient empowerment, collaboration and holistic care. Purpose: Virginia Henderson's theory is proposed as a complement in this approach. The objective of the research is to evaluate the applicability of Virginia Henderson's theory in nursing staff to improve the care of older adult patients with NCDs in PHC in the province of Cañar during 2022. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative design, nursing personnel in health centers of the province were surveyed, analyzing the 14 needs proposed by Henderson's theory. Results: The results show a correlation between Henderson's 14 needs and governmental guidelines, leading to an improvement in the care of older adult patients. By adopting a comprehensive and individualized approach, patients' physical, emotional and social needs are addressed. The application of the Henderson model ensures appropriate care for their specific needs. However, the 14 needs are occasionally applied, with an average percentage of 55%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the limited applicability of the Virginia Henderson model in PHC in the province of Cañar highlights the need to increase education and knowledge about the theory among health professionals and relevant authorities.
Competencias de enfermería en la malnutrición en niños de 0-5 años del Distrito 01D03, Azuay. 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-20) Dominguez Rodriguez, Norma Patricia; Yánez Corrales, Ángela Cristina
In children, nutritional status constitutes the basis for sustainable progress and poverty reduction, for which nursing staff have the necessary skills and knowledge to fulfill their competencies in care, management and transversal functions that allow promoting strategies, create plans to strengthen care and precise knowledge to improve eating habits, thus improving the health of the population. OBJECTIVE: to analyze nursing skills in malnutrition in children from 0 to 5 years of District 01D03, 2022. METHODOLOGY: quantitative descriptive study, with a sample of 94 nursing professionals from District 01D03. For data collection, a survey and the ECO-Enf instrument were applied, which was adapted to child malnutrition based on the comprehensive child care guide with linguistic validation by academic peers. The analysis was performed with the SPSS-v15.0 program. RESULTS: it was obtained from the 94 nursing professionals who work in District 01D03, 60.6% are 24-29 years old, 79.8% female, 75.5% practice their profession in a time average of 0 – 5 years and 5.3% have master's degrees. CONCLUSIONS: the level of general nursing skills to address malnutrition at the first level of care in District 01D03 is high, prevailing transversal functions, in addition, the care function is perceived as very good and with limited management functions.
Factores que influyen en la no realización del examen de papanicolaou en mujeres de 20 a 40 años de la Comunidad Shaime, octubre 2022 – marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-12) Yaruqui Jimenez, Nivia Victoria; Sánchez Campoverde, Diana Esther
Background: the Papanicolaou (PAP) exam allows the timely detection of premalignant lesions in the cervix, to prevent the development of cervical cancer, one of the main causes of death in women. This exam is carried out by taking a sample that it is analyzed microscopically evaluating cellular alterations that may indicate a pathology. General objective: to determine the factors that influence the non-performance of the Pap test in women aged 20 to 40 years of the Shaime Community, October 2022 – March 2023. Methodology: this is an analytical study based on surveys designed, the population was made up of all women in the Shaime community aged between 20 and 40 years. In turn, the sample was established by 70 women, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were processed based on descriptive statistics using the statistical package SPSS free version 22. Results: the mean age was 28.11 years, 97.1% self-identified as indigenous; 67.1% had primary education. There is a relationship between not taking the PAP test and having a negative attitude (p = 0.00 1), likewise, it could be understood that not performing this procedure is related to feeling afraid towards the test (p = 0.028); forgetting to perform it (p = 0.004) and not feeling motivated (p < 0,01). Conclusion: Not taking the PAP exam was associated with having a negative attitude, feeling afraid of the procedure, forgetting to have it and not feeling motivated.
Participación comunitaria en el cuidado de la salud, Comunidad de San José de la Playa, Parroquia El Valle. Cuenca, octubre 2022- marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-13) Valverde Chocho, Liliana Elizabeth; Cabrera Cárdenas, Carmen Lucía
Community Participation acquires conceptual domain from the Declaration of Alma Ata and the Ottawa Charter, as an essential strategy to achieve universal access to services, community welfare and improve the health of populations; the as an essential component in the organization of health care. However, its application in Ecuador has not been entirely easy and has had diverse developments, especially in health care. Objective: to describe the characteristics of community participation in health care in the community of San José de la Playa. Methods: a qualitative, ethnographic research with an interpretative approach was carried out, with semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups of two types: community leaders and health personnel; a non-random sample was used by convenience until the information was saturated; these data were transcribed and analyzed using the Atlas ti program; for triangulation, hermeneutics was applied. Results: being the first field study, the results support and verify the bibliographic research on the subject, evidenced and raised in the referential framework, highlighting that the leaders know the importance, characteristics and purposes of community organization for local development and health care, which is confirmed by the perceptions, knowledge and practices of the professional health personnel. Conclusions: CP is fundamental for the development and improvement of communities. When members of a community are involved and work together, they can effectively identify and address local problems and needs. In addition, it increases the sense of belonging and social cohesion in a community, resulting in a positive impact on health care.
Síndrome de sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con discapacidad y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar, de la Parroquia Zurmi, Nangaritza-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-13) Sarango Gualán, Hilda Beatriz; Palencia Gutiérrez, Esperanza Marbella
Approximately in 70% of the cases, people with disabilities are cared for by family members, and in 80% it is women who provide this care, mainly in advanced ages; this role is assumed by will, necessity or obligation, without receiving training and without having experience. These people not only assume responsibility for the care, but also for the decisions that involve the well-being and the coverage of the basic needs of the subject of care. Objective: To analyze the overload syndrome in caregivers of people with disabilities and its relationship with family functionality, from the Zurmi parish, Nangaritza-2022. Methodology: Quantitative analytical and cross-sectional study, 60 families caring for people with disabilities from the Zurmi parish, the Zarit survey was applied, family APGAR information was collected in a data collection form, said data was processed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: 53.3% resulted in intense overload; 13.3% presented a slight overload; a smaller percentage presented serious dysfunction with 21.7% and 31.7% were located within a functional family; there is an association between the degree of disability and suffering from caregiver overload syndrome (p=0.002; PR= 1.44); there is an association between the caregiver overload syndrome and family dysfunction (p=0.00; PR= 5.33). Conclusion: In this investigation it was possible to know that the degree of disability is associated with family functionality and caregiver overload, constituting a multifactorial phenomenon of interest in the field of community nursing.

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