Volumen 36 No.2 (Noviembre 2018)

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Browsing Volumen 36 No.2 (Noviembre 2018) by Subject "Adolescente"

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    Menarquia temprana e insatisfacción corporal. Un estudio en siete instituciones de educación secundaria de Quito, Machala y Otavalo
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-06) Tilleria Muñoz, Ylonka
    Worldwide, Objective: To explore the relationship between early menarche and body dissatisfaction in adolescents enrolled in the Sierra region, in Quito and Otavalo cities, and on the Coast region, in Machala city. Method: An exploratory study was carried out in seven educational institutions from Quito, Machala and Otavalo in the period 2013 – 2014. Sociodemographic information was collected through a semi-structured survey, from the eighth grade of basic to the second year of high school. A total of 708 girls and adolescents between 11 and 20 years old made up the sample. Results: In the Sierra region, the 58% of the adolescents presented early menarche versus 42% of cases in the Coast. The average age of menarche in the Sierra region was 12.3 and on the Coast was 12 years. Conclusions: The importance of this study was to show that early menarche in cities from the Sierra and the Coast is related to body dissatisfaction. The menarche, beyond a purely biological fact, evidences the physiological processes and psychic conditions (phenotype), as well as the norms of genetic reaction (genotypes) that are expressed in the ways of life, along with the protective or destructive processes that are present in the health process.
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    Prevalencia de sobrepeso y factores asociados en adolescentes en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Bravo Parra, Diana Narcisa; Córdova Neira, Marcelo Fernando; Ñauta Baculima, Manuel Jaime
    Overweight and obesity are currently considered a public health problem with multifactorial cause related to comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type II, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method: A descriptive and a cross-sectional study of associated factors was carried out. The sample was selected with a simple random procedure by generating a group of random numbers with the help of a computer interface, being the sample of 238 adolescents. Data about sex, residence, socioeconomic status, family Apgar, breastfeeding, eating habits and physical activity were evaluated. To determine the association, the Odds Ratio statistic was used with a confidence interval of 95% and a value of p <0.05 to define statistical significance. Results: The average age of the 238 adolescents included in the study was 12 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.4% (IC-95% :) with predominance in the male sex 7.9%. Adolescent overweight is associated with socioeconomic status (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.0418 -0.6195, p = 0.007), more if the income is higher in the head of the family (OR: 1.9848; IC-95%: 1.5353 -2.5660; p = <0.0001), the type of schooling of the adolescent (OR: 3.9481, IC-95%: 1.2732 - 12.2431 p = 0.0174), inadequate eating habits (OR: 4.5537, IC-95%: 2.0255 -10.2377, p = 0.0002). Within these eating habits, the lack of fruit consumption, not having breakfast, excessive consumption of sweets and hamburgers are risk factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight is important in adolescents of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga and it is associated with the socioeconomic level, type of schooling and inadequate eating habits.