Volumen 3 No. 2 (2012)

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    Los profesores de inglés y su práctica docente: Un estudio de caso de los colegios fiscales de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
    (2012) Calle Calle, Ana María; Calle Astudillo, Susana de las Mercedes; Argudo Serrano, Juanita Catalina; Moscoso Carvallo, Ligia Eulalia; Smith Andrew, James; Cabrera Ortiz, Freddy Patricio
    Generalmente se cree que la principal razón para el limitado conocimiento y uso del inglés por parte de los estudiantes que se gradúan de los colegios está relacionada con la ausencia de estrategias efectivas de enseñanza, situación que ocurre en un alto número de colegios fiscales de la ciudad de Cuenca. Para conocer la medida en que se produce este hecho y para identificar las razones de los bajos conocimientos del inglés de estos estudiantes, se llevó a cabo unestudio exploratorio. La investigación incluyó una encuesta impresa con un cuestionario, la que fue contestada por 168 profesores de inglés, 92 profesores fueron monitoreados en el aula durante una clase, y finalmente 54 profesores fueron entrevistados deuna población total de 215 profesores de inglés de los colegios fiscales de Cuenca. Los resultados revelan que el bajo rendimiento de los estudiantes de los colegios secundarios en el inglés se afecta negativamente debido al uso de estrategias de enseñanza tradicionales, como son el aprendizaje centrado en el profesor, la falta de interacción entre los estudiantes en la lengua meta y la confusión de los profesores al tratar de emplear diferentes estrategias comunicativas. En un futuro cercano, los resultados de la investigación se utilizarán para elaborar estrategias basadas en tareas y mejorar la habilidad de los profesores en la enseñanza de inglés a través de talleres de capacitación.
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    El desarrollo psicomotor y la calidad de la atención temprana
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2012-12) Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes; Robalino Izurieta, Gladys; Huiracocha Tutivén, Mirian Sofía; García Alvear, Jorge Luis; Pazán Torres, Carmen Germania; Angulo Rosero, Aydeé Narcisa; Almeida Delgado, Carlos Alberto
    A transversal study was conducted to determine the relation between alert psychomotor development of children, 0 to 5 years old, and the quality of early attention of public and private Child Development Centers in the Municipality of Cuenca. The survey was conducted from August to December 2009 and consisted in measuring the attention process, the professional level of caretakers, available infrastructure, and family involvement. Using a simplified cluster sampling approach, 30 centers were randomly selected out of 166 centers. The composition of the sample of children was based on the following considerations: 5% delay in development, 3% error of inference, 95% confidence interval and 10% loss, resulting in a sample of 447 (n) out of a total study population of 8145 (N) children excluding the children with previous diagnosis of disability. To test the children’s delay in development the scale of Nelson-Ortiz (1999) was used. 23,3% of the centers were public, 23,3% had no legal registration, 10% of the centers were serving children with disability, 20% were rated as having very good quality, 3,3% good and 76,7% poor. Of the children surveyed 26% were not evaluated in their respective centers, 72,7% had teachers without professional qualification. The prevalence of children with alert development was 10,5% (IC 95%: 7,8 to13,7%), of these 79,6% had no record of detection and 93,9% were not referred for diagnosis or intervention or curricular adaptations. A significant relationship (p < 0,05) between the quality of early attention and the alert development of children was found.
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    El detalle como intensificación de la forma en el Library and administration building, del Illinois Institute of Technology, de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2012-12) Hermida Palacios, María Augusta; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
    The key question addressed in this paper is to what extent constructive details influence the constructional form and ultimately the quality of architectural projects. To this end Mies van der Rohe, one of the most significant exponents of Modern Architecture, was selected because of the precision and intensity with which he designed his work. In particular he paid enormously attention to the detail, which for Mies meant more than a mere technical corollary, but a way to accentuate the form. The non-built Library and Administration Building was elected as study case because of the large variety of the constructional details in all their dimensions and form elaborated in the multitude of drawings designed in preparation of the architectural project. According to Mies van der Rohe a project concretizes by the design of the constructional details. He considers the details as basic components in the concretization of the conception. Details condenses the entire constructive system, a fundamental requirement of the form, and forming an intense moment of -constructive and visual- relation between materials. The analysis was based on reviewing Mies van der Rohe’s original drawings and with the selection of the most representative details. Using the digital technology the basic geometry of constructive details were modeled and visualized. The approach enabled the materialization of the diverse elements and the visualization of the relations between elements from different points of view. The exercise revealed that virtual construction is a valuable alternative to real construction when the latter for one or other reason is not possible. With the technology we reconstructed again and again the building and the details which enabled us to better understand in an experimental way the reasons why Mies discarded certain proposals and leaned towards others. Our study unfolded that Mies van der Rohe always looked for the most universal, economic and abstract solution, and it was proven that the correct relation between materials leads to the intensification of architectural projects.
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    Identificación de las principales fuentes de agua que aportan a la generación de escorrentía en zonas Andinas de páramo húmedo: mediante el uso de los isótopos estables deuterio (δ2H) y oxígeno-18 (δ18O)
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2012-12) Mosquera, Giovanny; Lazo, Patricio; Cárdenas, Irene; Crespo Sánchez, Patricio Javier; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca
    The hydrologic analysis of Andean páramo catchments is currently hindered by the limited existence of studies regarding the streamflow generation processes. To improve this situation and to provide a baseline for future hydrologic studies, an isotope fractionation analysis of deuterium (2H) and oxygen-18 (18O) was conducted on water samples collected biweekly between May 2011 and March 2012, within the Zhurucay river páramo micro-catchment (7,97 km2), located in the Ecuadorian austral region, between 3200 and 3800 m a.s.l. The monitoring points encompassed rainfall and runoff stations, and soil and spring water sampling points. Results reveal that pre-event water is the main source for streamflow generation during storm conditions, where the Histosols are the main contribution to the discharge. Andosols main function is to regulate runoff and recharge Histosols during normal conditions. The latter are recharged by virtue of their low-lying position in the landscape. During less humid conditions, results suggest that the Histosols are the main sources of discharge regulation. Similarly, there is no evidence of significant groundwater contribution to discharge.
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    Estimación del riesgo de fallo en el suministro de agua como ayuda a la planificación y gestión de recursos hídricos
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2012-12) Avilés A., Alex; Solera S., Abel; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
    In this study numerical models and stochastic scenarios are used to verify if the water resource systems of the Paute River Basin under the given conditions of infrastructure (storage reservoirs) are capable of meeting the water demand in 30 years from today. The analysis revealed the need to implement a reservoir with a capacity of at least 21 Hm3 in the Tomebamba subbasin, whereas the Pindilig subbasin does not require any storage reservoir. In case the water supply during dry periods ceases below the water demand the implementation of water use restriction measures might be required. The results clearly show the usefulness of used approach and its capacity in generating alternatives in water supply and demand for future conditions. As such the method will be very helpful to decision-makers in defining the most appropriate policies for the planning and management of the water resources.
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    El femicidio: la manifestación mortal de la violencia contra la mujer
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2012-12) Pinos Abad, Guido Marcelo; Avila P., Janeth; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUC
    A qualitative explorative study with relatives of femicide victims and professionals was conducted analyzing the family background, the situation prior to the violence and the circumstances surrounding the murder of these women. To achieve this objective the psychological autopsy method was applied. Relatives of 6 femicide victims were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to reconstruct the history that lead to the violence, the relationship of the victim with the offender, the circumstances of the killing, the presence of cruelty, the sexual and physical violence the victim was subjected, the criminal complaint submittal and complaint processing procedures. The restricted survey revealed the following preliminary findings. Women living in a violent situation undervalue its severity and perceive violence as a natural part of married life, showing resistance to denounce their aggressor. Despite being familiar with the violent situation family and community are often reluctant to participate in actions in defense of the victim, in particular when family members are involved. Judicial support is insufficiently developed or lacking. Women in most cases are still unaware of their rights and how to defend them when abused. Femicide is the results from a process of repetitive violence, suggesting that this crime can be prevented given accessible and effective protection procedures are in place.