Browsing by Author "Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo"

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Acute oral toxicity of a novel functional drink based on Ilex guayusa, Vernonanthura patens, and cocoa husk
(2021) Iñiga Alvarado, Elsy Catalina; Sarmiento Tomalá, Glenda Marcela; Orellana Manzano, Andrea Katherine; Paladines Santacruz, Geovanna Lissette; Pilozo Muentes, Glenda Margarita; Berghe, Wim Vanden; Manzano Santana, Patricia Isabel; Villacres Cevallos, María del Carmen; Orellana Manzano, Silvia Gabriela; DI GRUMO, DAVIDE; Quijano Aviles, Maria Fernanda; Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana; ; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
A novel functional drink with nutraceutical properties was formulated from the aqueous extracts of Ilex guayusa, and Vernonanthura patens leaves, and cocoa husks. This juice contains various bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and methylxanthines, with antioxidant and stimulant properties of pharmacological interest. However, it is known whether herbal extracts' interaction may have adverse toxic effects on human health. To evaluate this functional drink's innocuity, we estimated the acute oral toxicity (AOT) in experimental mice. This paper presents the AOT evaluation of two formulations of a functional drink (pre-formulation and microencapsulation) at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). No signs of adverse toxicity and mortality were observed after a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Likewise, no significant body and organ weight changes, food and water consumption behavior, and no histopathological changes were observed in the main organs evaluated. In conclusion, this functional drink can be categorized as low toxicity " according to the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS), making it a potential beverage with high nutritional and pharmacological value.
Adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH que acuden al Hospital Darío Machuca Palacios del cantón La Troncal de octubre 2022 a marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-30) Buestan Rodríguez, Jorge Eduardo; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, achieving undetectable viral loads in the blood, prevents its spread, prolongs and improves the patient's quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate adherence to ART in HIV patients attending the Darío Machuca Palacios Hospital in La Troncal canton from October 2022 to March 2023, being of a descriptive observational type with a population of 80 patients registered in the comprehensive care unit (UAI) of the Darío Machuca Palacios Hospital in La Troncal canton, Patient information was obtained by applying the questionnaire "Evaluation of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment (CEAT-HIV) prior to signing the informed consent form, and CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load were taken from the IAU matrix. SPSS v23 was used for tabulation, data processing and statistical analysis. The average age was 37.58 years, the predominant age group was 31-50 years with 51.2%, male sex 52.5%, single marital status 46.3%, the level of adherence found was 37.5% insufficient adherence to antiretroviral treatment, 26.25% had low adherence, 23.75% had adequate adherence, and only 12.5% had strict adherence to antiretroviral treatment. It was found that most of the patients had insufficient adherence to antiretroviral treatment. The duration of ART has a statistically significant relationship with adherence to antiretroviral treatment P= 0.021.
Asociación genotípica y fenotípica del polimorfismo 2548G>A del gen LEP con diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes ambulatorios de la Fundación Donum
(2017) Dután Quizhpi, Lorena Alexandra; Guncay Sangurima, Tatiana Estefanía; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
The present research is a non-experimental cross-sectional study with case and control design. The aim of the study was to genotypic and phenotypically association of the SNP 2548G>A of the LEP gene with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in outpatients of the DONUM Foundation. A total of 116 patients were enrolled and divided into two equal groups (n = 58), according to the previous diagnosis of DM2, the groups were paired by age, gender and body mass index. The history of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renal diseases, immunodeficiency diseases; and gestation status were exclusion criteria. Data collection was done through the direct interview using a survey; EDTA tubes were used to collect blood samples; later, it was performed the DNA extraction, and the genetic material was amplified using the real time PCR technique. The Statistical analysis was performed with 95% confidence interval and p <0.05. The presence of the A allele and the AA genotype was found with higher frequency (16%) in the DM2 group, compared with the controls (12%); however, no statistically significant association was found between the presence of the allelic variant and the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Asociación genotípica y fenotípica del polimorfismo RS8192675 del transportador SIC2A2 con la hemoglobina glicosilada en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la Fundación Donum
(2017-10-24) Arévalo Ramírez, Nohela Betzabeth; Cadmen Ochoa, Noemí Elizabeth; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo; Ochoa Castro, Maritza Raphaela
The current study encompasses a non-experimental cross-sectional study, involving 102 individuals. The aim of the study was to carry out the genotypically and phenotypically association of the rs8192675 polymorphism of the SLC2A2 transporter with the Glycosylated Hemoglobin in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at DONUM Foundation. The value of glycosylated hemoglobin was determined. Moreover, for the detection of polymorphism, Real Time PCR technique was used. The statistical analysis was performed with a confidence level of 95% and p<0.05. The presence of the polymorphism was found in four patients of the researched population and a genotypic and allelic frequency of 4% (n=4 and n=8 respectively). The results claim that there is no statistically significant relationship between the presence of the genetic variant and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Additionally, in the association of the polymorphism with the compensation and decompensation status of patients, it was determined that there is no significant association between both parameters. Finally, the polymorphism did not prove to be a risky or protection factor.
Assessing the stability of historical and desiccated snake venoms from a medically important ecuadorian collection
(2020) De Almeida, José Rafael; Mendes, Bruno; Palma Patiño, Ricardo Sebastian; Pico Zerna, Jose Manuel; Laines Aguilar, Johanna Rosaly; Teran Zavala, Maria Del carmen; Salazar Mogollón, Noroska Gabriela; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo; Da Silva, Saulo Luis; Alves da Silva Caldeira, Cleópatra
Bothrops asper and Bothrops atrox are important venomous snakes from Ecuador responsible for the most of ophidic accidents, which in the past were treated with a national polyvant antivenom. For years, the venom pools were collected and stored at room temperature in a laboratory. Taking into account the controversial ability of desiccated samples to retain their biological effects and enzymatic activities, we investigated the biochemical and toxicological properties of venoms after years of storage. The proteomic profiles of historical venoms analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrophoresis are very similar. The fresh batches of venom were more lethal than those stored for years, just as the initial and current LD50 values of these samples changed. Significant differences were showed in the myotoxic and hemorrhagic activity of some venom pools, while no significant statistical differences were found for the edema activity. The enzymatic assays revealed a variation in proteolytic activity on azocasein and phospholipase A2 activity, and low differences were reported for thrombin-like serine protease activity. The maintenance of the proteomic profile and certain toxicological activities convert this venom library in a valuable source for research purposes. Nonetheless, the significative reduction of toxicological activities, such as hemorrhagic activity not feasible using these samples for the antivenom production.
Association of ABCB1, ABCC5 and xanthine oxidase genetic polymorphisms with methotrexate adverse reactions in Mexican pediatric patients with ALL
(2015) Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo; Lares Asseff, Ismael; Reyes Espinoza, Aarón; Loera Castañeda, Verónica; Chairez Hernández, Isaías; Sosa Macías, Martha; Galaviz Hernández, Carlos; Almanza Reyes, Horacio
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most frequent oncological disorders in pediatric populations. To date, the drug of choice for the treatment of ALL is methotrexate, a drug associated with a high risk of adverse reactions (ADRs). The xanthine oxidase (XO) polymorphisms, 1936A>G and 2107A>G, as well as the polymorphic variants derived from ATP-binding cassette transporter gene subfamilies, ABCB1 and ABCC5, of drug resistant codifying genes, are implicated as precursors of drug-related neurologic, hepatic, and renal toxicities. Our aim was to determine whether the mentioned polymorphisms are risk or protective factors for the development of adverse reactions by methotrexate in our pediatric population with ALL. Methods: A total of 35 Mexican children from Centro Estatal de Cancerología-Durango, Mexico, with ALL and the previously noted polymorphisms as determined qPCR were studied. At the same time, a 12-month drug monitoring program was conducted in accordance with WHO-PAHO guidelines for pharmacovigilance. Results: The ABCB11936A>G and 2107A>G and ABCC5 3414+434A>C polymorphisms were not associated with methotrexate ADRs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCB1 1236C>T (OR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.03-0.9, p[removed]C (OR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.027-0.58, p[removed]T of ABCB1 and ABCC5 3933+313T>C are not associated with the development of typical ADRs by methotrexate, rather, they showed a protective factor for myelosuppression in the studied sick population. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.
Biodisponibilidad y pruebas de bioequivalencia en comprimidos de carbamacepina 400 mg (genérico) con relación al innovador Tegretol
(2003) Morales Vázquez, Cayetana; Zambrano Torres, Ana; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Comparación del efecto diurético de petroselinum crispum (perejil) a dosis empíricas frente a furosemida
(2007) Ormaza M., Karina M.; Cuesta V., Boris E.; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Consejería farmacéutica en la reconstrucción, conservación y dosificación de suspensiones pediátricas a pacientes ambulatorios en la Farmacia Farmashop paseo del puente
(2014) Lituma Ulloa, Liza María; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
The main objective of this research was to conduct a drug counseling program reconstitution, storage, preservation and pediatric dosing tutors submit a prescription with said dosage form attending the Paseo Bridge Pharmacy Farmashop suspensions. The counseling was provided at the time of dispensing the prescription, this study allowed educate and provide comprehensive information on the drug to volunteers. This is a descriptive, longitudinal and association study, in which 100 volunteers were included. The results obtained were as follows: it was found that 71% of tutors were unaware of the proper management that should be on your prescription medication, regardless of whether or not received counseling in the medical consultation. That is in addition to its pharmacological action, reconstitution, the requirements for storage and conservation while the same dosage as prescribed. It also was determined that the summary provided counseling obtained 64.4 % of adequate knowledge compared to 34.6 % in intermediate knowledge tutors, where the variables of highest incidence were, prior knowledge and level of volunteers. All patients were given education about their condition and the importance of complying with treatment, as the most common health problem is related to the need for medication.
Corrigendum to: “venomics of the poorly studied hognosed pitvipers porthidium arcosae and porthidium volcanicum”
(2019) Ruiz Campos, Marco; Sanz, Libia; Bonilla Murillo, Fabián; Mahmood M., Sasa; Lomonte Vigliotti, Bruno; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo; Teran Zavala, Maria Del carmen; Fernandez Ulate, Julian; Calvete Chornet, Juan José; Caldeira, Cleópatra Alves da Silva; Da Silva, Saulo Luis
We report the first proteomics analyses of the venoms of two poorly studied snakes, the Manabi hognosed pitviper Porthidium arcosae endemic to the western coastal province of Manabí (Ecuador), and the Costa Rican hognosed pitviper P. volcanicum with distribution restricted to South Pacific Costa Rica and western Panamá. These venom proteomes share a conserved compositional pattern reported in four other congeneric species within the clade of South American Porthidium species, P. nasutum, P. lansbergii, P. ophryomegas, and P. porrasi. The paraspecific immunorecognition profile of antivenoms produced in Costa Rica (ICP polyvalent), Perú (Instituto Nacional de Salud) and Brazil (soro antibotrópico pentavalente, SAB, from Instituto Butantan) against the venom of P. arcosae was investigated through a third-generation antivenomics approach. The maximal venom-binding capacities of the investigated antivenoms were 97.1 mg, 21.8 mg, and 25.7 mg of P. arcosae venom proteins per gram of SAB, ICP, and INS-PERU antibody molecules, respectively, which translate into 28.4 mg, 13.1 mg, and 15.2 mg of total venom proteins bound per vial of SAB, ICP, and INS-PERU AV. The antivenomics results suggest that 21.8%, 7.8% and 6.1% of the SAB, ICP, and INS-PERU antibody molecules recognized P. arcosae venom toxins. The SAB antivenom neutralized P. arcosae venom's lethality in mice with an ED50 of 31.3 mgV/g SAB AV. This preclinical neutralization paraspecificity points to Brazilian SAB as a promising candidate for the treatment of envenomings by Ecuadorian P. arcosae. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Assessing the preclinical efficacy profile of antivenoms against homologous and heterologous medically relevant snake venoms represents an important goal towards defining the biogeographic range of their clinical utility. This is particularly relevant in regions, such as Mesoamerica, where a small number of pharmaceutical companies produce antivenoms against the venoms of a small number of species of maximum medical relevance among the local rich herpetofauna, leaving a wide range of snakes of secondary medical relevance, but also causing life-threatening human envenomings without nominal clinical coverage. This work is part of a larger project aiming at mapping the immunological characteristics of antivenoms generated in Latin American countries towards venoms of such poorly studied snakes of the local and neighboring countries' herpetofauna. Here we report the proteomics characterization of the Manabi hognosed pitviper Porthidium arcosae endemic to the western coastal province of Manabí (Ecuador), and the Costa Rican hognosed pitviper P. volcanicum with distribution restricted to southwestern Costa Rica, the antivenomics assessment of three bothropoid commercial antivenoms produced in Costa Rica, Perú, and Brazil against the venom components of P. arcosae, and the in vivo capacity of the Brazilian soro antibotrópico pentavalente (SAB) from Instituto Butantan to neutralize the murine lethality of P. arcosae venom. The preclinical paraspecific ED50 of 31.3 mg of P. arcosae venom per gram of antivenom points to Brazilian SAB as a promising candidate for the treatment of envenomings by the Manabi hognosed pitviper P. arcosae.
Cuantificación plasmática de los niveles de carbamazepina, fenitoína y ácido valproico en pacientes epilépticos del centro de epilepsia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso
(2012) Bustos León, Anabel V.; Siguenza Arizábala, Bianca J.; Sari Durán, Adriana E.; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación de la actividad antiálgica del Cyclospermum Leptophyllum (culantrillo) mediante técnicas de inducción térmica
(2009) Cabrera Rodríguez, María del Cisne; Calle Vintimilla, Jenny Elizabeth; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación de la actividad antihelmintico de artemisia absinthium L. (Ajenjo)
(2007) González Zhindón, Fany Alexandra; Trelles Martínez, Verónica Mariela; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Artemisia absinthium L (ajenjo) is a medicinal plant which has a high reputation among the Ancients. The most known pharmacologycal efects are related with losing weight and digestion, and its anthelmintic effect is unkown. This is the reason because we decided to value the ability to kill intestinal worms with an alcoholic extract of the plant. The phytochemical screening showed that the plant contains: essencial oils (with thujone, thujyl, isothujone), alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanidines, phenolic compounds and bitter principles. The thin-layer chromatography analysis detected the presence of the bitter glycoside absinthin with an Rf of 0.375. This data confirms the identity of the plant species used, Artemisia absinthium L. The bioassay for the determination of LC 50 by Artemia salina method showed that Artemisia absinthium L presented a LC 50 of 4641.59ppm. That means that the alcoholic extract of the plant is atoxic. To evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity we used the biological model California red earthworm and the doses were 0,25; 0,5; 1 and 2 % (g/dL). A negative control group (distilled water) and six positive control groups (4.10 and 20 % piperazine solutions, and 0,5; 1 and 2% albendazole solutions) were set. The evaluation in Petri plate was continuously performed for 4 hours. The measured variable was survival time in minutes. The results showed that Artemisia absinthium L leaves alcoholic extract has a potent anthelmintic effect in all the doses evaluated. Including the minimum dose, all of them were more potent than the drug of reference used (20 % piperazina, and 2% albendazole). The level of significance was set at 0,05. The effect of the positive control solutions was depending on dosing.
Determinación de la frecuencia genotípica y fenotípica de los polimorfismos 2548G>A del gen LEP y Gln223Arg del gen LEPR en niños con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda de SOLCA Cuenca y Loja
(2019-04-16) Loaiza Santín, Karla Vanessa; Ochoa Peña, Karen Lisseth; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the neoplasia with the highest percentage whitin the infant population in Ecuador, it can come with repercussions in the nutritional state of these kids therefore the present study was looking for to determinate the genotype and allelic frequencies of the polymorphism 2548G>A of the LEP gene and GLN223ARG of the LEPR gene in pediatric oncology patients put to your relationship with food intake.. This work was developed through a descriptive study; in 160 patients with ALL all of whom were being attended in SOLCA Loja and SOLCA Cuenca, the participants collaborated in a voluntary way and gave their acceptance through informed consent, the study has the approbation from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the SFQU. Data recollection was obtained through medical record revision, 5ml of blood was taken from each patiente, from the samples genomic material was obtained then DNA, quantification tests and electrophoresis thereof, finally the detection of the polymorphisms 2548G>A and Gln223Arg was made trough real time PCR technique. It was determined that the genotypic frequencies for 2548G> A were 19% A / A and 81% G / A, with a predominance of the allele (A) with 59% and allele (G) 41% on the other hand for GLN223ARG the genotype and allelic frequencys were 34% A/A, 66% A/G, (A) 68% and (G) 32% respectively. In both medical centers was identified an equivalency in the frequency distribution of the patients, heterozygous group was predominant for both polymorphisms. It was determined that there is an equivalence regarding the distribution of the genotypic and allelic frequencies in both groups of patients, being predominant the heterozygous group for both polymorphism. Finally it was determined that there is no association between the polymorphism in the study with BMI, shown by a confidence interval of 95% was used and p<0.05.
Determinación del efecto analgésico de las hojas de Ficus carica L.
(2006) Benenaula Bojorque, Ana Lucía; Brito Orellana, Diana Elizabeth; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación del efecto analgésico del tipo (Clinopodium nubigenum)
(2008) Lituma Ulloa, Liza María; Molina Díaz, María Viviana; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación del efecto analgésico y antiespasmódico de la hojas de Albahaca (Ocimun Basilicum L.)
(2007) Gutiérrez León, Yomaira Yolanda; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación del efecto cicatrizante de las hojas de carne humana (Jungla cf. rugosa)
(2008) Campoverde Lupercio, Janneth de Lourdes; Verdugo Pillaga, Verónica Marcela; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación del efecto sedante de amaranthus caudatus L. (ataco)
(2008) Guamán Sánchez, María Fernanda; Vega Abad, Yessica Maricel; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo
Determinación del efecto sedante de la tanacetum parthenium (L) Sch Bip Santa María)
(2008) Ramón Sarango, Luis Iván; Zaruma Torres, Fausto Leonardo