Browsing by Author "Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz"

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Aplicabilidad de las ecuaciones que emplean cistatina C y creatinina sérica en la evaluación de la función renal a través de la estimación de la tasa de filtrado glomerular
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-10-07) Guerrero Alvarado, Pedro Esteban; Montesinos Girón, Oscar Santiago; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is widely recognized as the best indicator of overall kidney function. Various biomarkers are used to evaluate kidney function in clinical practice, with serum creatinine being the most traditional. However, serum creatinine has limitations due to extrarenal factors such as muscle mass, age, and race. In contrast, cystatin C has emerged as a modern biomarker that is not influenced by these external factors, allowing for a more accurate estimation of GFR. Several equations have been developed to estimate GFR using both biomarkers, either separately or in combination. A notable example is the equation developed by the CKD-EPI group, which employs both cystatin C and serum creatinine. The applicability and accuracy of these equations in different populations and clinical conditions represent a crucial and ongoing area of study. To evaluate the effectiveness of these equations, various studies covering a wide range of renal pathologies were analyzed. The results indicate that equations incorporating cystatin C demonstrate greater accuracy in estimating GFR compared to those based solely on creatinine. Furthermore, combining both biomarkers in integrated equations further improves the accuracy of GFR estimation, providing a more comprehensive approach to assessing kidney function. This research offers a detailed view of the utility of cystatin C in evaluating and preventing renal dysfunction, with significant implications for current and future clinical practice. The incorporation of equations that combine cystatin C and serum creatinine can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and the management of patients with chronic kidney disease, highlighting the need to adopt these methods in daily clinical practice to optimize patient care.
Biomarcadores trombo inflamatorios de valor pronóstico en la progresión a COVID-19 severo en pacientes mayores a 18 años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-20) Tapia Sisalima, María José; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
The respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared as pandemic in March 2022, due to high levels of contagious, spreading, and unpredictable clinic path, representing as a scientific challenge about investigation towards a scientific level, medical and clinic diagnostic. A significative percentage of cases, the disease could have a quick advance and progress to a several condition, developing complications that can lead to deadly consequences. A vast analysis of different lab parameters along with checking of vital signs and symptoms allow to identify which state of the disease the patients are, so it would allow to give a timely attention required to anticipate towards a worst scenario. This research was aimed to analyze the usefulness of inflammatory and infectious indicators was analyzed as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin and D-dimer as a coagulation marker, and the prognostic value that all of them represent in the spread of COVID-19. In the following scientific literature review a search was carried out on diverse digital scientific sources of the available information published during the sanitary emergency “pandemic”. The patients participating in the selected studies presented a positive diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 and were older than 18 years. Results showed that a measurement of ferritin higher than 828 ng/mL is associated with severity and higher than 1700 ng/mL with mortality, the CRP value higher than 108 mg/L is associated with a severe disease, PCT is not associated only with coinfection, but increased values are related to a poor prognosis and the D-dimer increased 10 times more than the reference range is associated with thromboembolic complications. In conclusion, these biomarkers are useful and applicable as an independent factor for predicting mortality and severity in patients with COVID-19.
Caracterización y significación clínica de las reacciones post transfusionales por incompatibilidad de anticuerpos irregulares
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-26) Carpio Márquez, Cristopher Xavier; Solano Sánchez, Camila Emilia; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Blood transfusion is a medical procedure that involves administering whole blood or blood components into a patient's circulatory system to restore their hematologic status. Although transfusion is common and generally safe, post-transfusion reactions can occur during or after the procedure, which are caused by regular or irregular antibodies. Regular antibodies (ABO and part of Rh) are always analyzed before a blood transfusion. Irregular antibodies, which include Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS among others, appear when exposed to antigens unknown to the immune system. Additionally, factors such as sex, age, and pregnancy have been found to predispose a patient to develop post-transfusion reactions. Therefore, evaluating the presence of irregular antibodies of a patient before a blood transfusion will help prevent harmful adverse effects. This study aims to characterize the adverse reactions caused by incompatibility with irregular antigens in blood transfusions. A systematic literature review was conducted, involving a bibliographic search of scientific articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese across various databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Scopus. The results found in the period between 2013 and 2020 state that the most common post-transfusion reactions worldwide were allergic/anaphylactic, febrile non-hemolytic, and immunological hemolysis. The presence of irregular antibodies was 34% higher in women and was also greater in patients with a history of pregnancy. The most prevalent irregular antigens were E and Jka.
Clasificación actualizada de la diabetes: revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-03) Caguana Lojano, Raquel Marisol; Sacta Tacuri, Bryan Xavier; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism and exhibits high global prevalence, making it a public health concern. Most studies mention type I and type II diabetes mellitus; however, few are the studies that perform a broad classification of the disease, including the “atypical” forms of diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this descriptive study is to analyze the different types of diabetes to provide an updated classification of the pathology based on relevant, accurate and current information for an adequate understanding and clinical management of the disease. For this purpose, a bibliographic review of different studies published in English and Spanish over the past ten years. The results identified diabetes forms beyond the classic classification, as well as diagnostic methods such as fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, random glucose, HbA1c and C-peptide, which, together with complementary tests, allow for a differential diagnosis. Additionally, new classification proposals based on immunological markers were identified, which, although not included in the official classification, represent important findings. In conclusion, this review enabled the differentiation of various types of diabetes and highlighted essential diagnostic methods for an adequate approach to the disease. Finally, the study emphasizes the need to promote further research on less common forms and their diagnostic techniques.
Determinación de anemia por deficiencia de hierro en niños de 1 a 5 años en la clinica Humanitaria de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo en Cuenca
(2011) Sánchez Saldaña, Leida Paulina; Zabala Romero, Graciela Maribel; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz; Samaniego León, Luz María
Determinación de los niveles de cortisol durante y posterior al período de evaluación académica en los alumnos de la escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2015) Calle Vera, Viviana Dolores; Rodríguez Guaraca, Gissela Paola; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Efectividad del tratamiento de anemia ferropénica en mujeres embarazadas: comparación entre el régimen de hierro en monoterapia y su combinación con vitamina C
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-02) Iñiguez Zuñiga, Katherine Andrea; Loja Balbuca, Juliana Cristina; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Blood deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide, which has major consequences for the health of different population groups; This condition is treated mainly with blood supplements, which have been used as a standard treatment to restore blood levels in the body. However, clinical results have not always been satisfactory, due to a decrease in water absorption, which may be limited by the presence of substances such as calcium, phytates and tannins, which inhibit their uptake in the gastrointestinal tract; This difficulty contributes to the fact that many patients are unable to restore their blood levels effectively. This is why it is important to add components such as vitamin C to the treatment that help improve the bioavailability of the body. This study compared the effectiveness of iron-deficiency anemia treatment in pregnant women using an iron regimen and its combination with vitamin C. A literature review was conducted of experimental scientific articles obtained from databases such as PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and others, published in the last 10 years in Spanish and English. The results of the study demonstrated that the combined administration of iron and vitamin C supplements has a more favorable synergistic effect on the treatment of anemia than iron supplementation alone. The impact of this treatment was evidenced by the elevation toward normal values of iron biomarkers, hematological indices, and red blood cell indices, indicating improvement in iron-deficiency anemia.
Estudio microbiológico comparativo de bacterias anaerobias en la desinfección del sistema de conductos radiculares empleando la irrigación alterna con hipoclorito de sodio-edta y la técnica de Grossman
(2003-11-11) Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz; Jerves Andrade, María de Lourdes
Evidencia del uso del Índice de Salud Prostática (PHI) en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata agresivo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-11) Pulla Vásquez, Leonardo Andrés; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Prostate cancer is a common disease in men worldwide, the incidence of aggressive prostate cancer is higher in Latin America than in other regions of the world, so timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for disease management. The investigation of prostate biomarkers began in 1960 with Rubin Flocks which found antigens in prostate tissue, in 1979 Dr. T Ming Chu discovered and identified Purified Human Prostate Antigen (PSA); however, PSA was used for the first time in 1991 as a biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer. Accurate and early detection of cancer is vital as the survival rate decreases dramatically when the cancer has migrated beyond the prostate organ. Due to the heterogeneity of the biomarkers used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the lack of specificity of conventional imaging techniques, there is no precise method for early detection of prostate cancer and even more so for predicting aggressiveness. It is necessary to use new biomarkers to improve diagnosis. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the usefulness of the Prostate Health Index in the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer. The results showed that the quantified PHI in men aged 45 to 75 years is useful in diagnosing the pathology over PSA, additionally it showed that the measurement of PHI in the "gray zone" of PSA, that is, 4 to 10 ng/mL, allows clarify the presence of prostate cancer and differentiate it from other pathologies. Due to the limitations of the PSA diagnosis, the usefulness of the conventional PSA diagnosis together with the PHI was analyzed, showing that their association improves the diagnosis and finally the use of the PHI was evaluated to predict the presence of aggressive prostate cancer using the Gleason Scale. . Therefore, this biomarker is presented as an alternative in the diagnosis and prediction of aggressive prostate cancer due to the problems that PSA quantification presents in terms of the rate of overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsies.
Incidencia de giardiasis en alumnos de la red educativa rural Vicente Aurelio Crespo Ochoa de la zona Zhindilig del cantón Azogues
(2010) Ruiz Abad, Karla Stefania; Zambrano Abad, Gabriela de Lourdes; Calvo Jerves, Susana; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Infección por ureaplasma urealyticum en mujeres embarazadas y sus complicaciones - revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-02) Saiteros Orellana, Doménica de los Ángeles; Verdugo Calle, Camila Susana; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Screening for Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women is crucial in Ecuador, as despite its high prevalence and potential for serious complications, it is not included in prenatal diagnostic protocols. Its detection is challenging because infections are often asymptomatic, underscoring the need for effective strategies. Its implementation would allow for early treatment, reducing risks and improving maternal and child outcomes. This justifies its inclusion in public health programs, as systematic screening could reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to analyze the frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in pregnant women and its associated complications through a systematic literature review, compiling, evaluating, and synthesizing information from various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The analyzed studies, published from 2010 to 2025, met criteria of scientific validity and clinical relevance for research. The results revealed a high prevalence (12-63%), demonstrating association with premature birth (up to 80.7%), chorioamnionitis and premature rupture of membranes. In newborns, vertical transmission was observed (27.2–43.3%) linked to respiratory distress syndrome (55.8–92.3%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity, confirming its pathogenetic impact through inflammatory mechanisms. Conventional methods do not routinely identify it, but molecular techniques such as PCR have demonstrated greater accuracy in detecting specific genes. These findings highlight the need to implement early detection and comprehensive management strategies to improve maternal and child outcomes.
Papel de la Fosfatasa Alcalina como marcador diagnóstico de osteoporosis. Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-03) Redrován Marrett, Arlette Andrea; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system that primarily affects adults and has a significant impact on quality of life by deteriorating functional anatomy and causing a high degree of disability. It is responsible for approximately 80% of fractures in adults, due to its asymptomatic progression. This study emphasizes the need for effective diagnostic methods in the early stages of the disease, focusing on the role of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a biomarker, compared to others such as osteocalcin (OC) and the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP). Through an exhaustive literature review, approximately 38 articles from descriptive, observational, and experimental studies were obtained from databases such as Elsevier, SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus, gathering relevant data on the diagnosis of osteoporosis over the past 10 years. The results indicate that ALP is a sensitive marker of osteoblastic activity, although with lower specificity than OC, which allows for more precise detection of changes in bone metabolism. For its part, P1NP is directly associated with the synthesis of type I collagen, one of the main structural components of bone. The combination of these biomarkers presents itself as a comprehensive and complementary diagnostic approach, improving the precision, accessibility, and efficacy of monitoring and treating osteoporosis. The elevated levels of ALP and OC reflect the increased bone turnover characteristic of the disease. The findings support the combined use of ALP and P1NP as key tools for early detection, effective monitoring, and preservation of quality of life in patients with osteoporosis.
Percentile of physical condition in children and adolescents from Cuenca-Ecuador: Alpha -fit battery
(2023) Andrade Tenesaca, Dolores Susana; Escandón Dután, Samuel Adrián; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz; Molina Cando, María José
The physical condition was evaluated and the normative reference values were obtained using the Alpha-Fit Battery. The main objective of this study was to establish the percentiles, their respective curves and differences between the sexes for the tests, thus providing an instrument that facilitates the evaluation of physical condition. With a sample of 604 children and adolescents (9-12 years old) with a normal body mass index (BMI) and no conditions that affect their physical performance. A significant difference was evidenced, with a higher average in women, in the measurements of body composition (BMI, height, body weight and skin folds). As well as higher averages in men in the long jump, 20-m shuttle run and shuttle run 4 x 10m. Likewise, there were higher averages in the long jump, shuttle run 4 x 10m and handgrip, as age increased, regardless of sex.
Prevalencia de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) durante el periodo 2018 - 2020 en un hospital privado de la provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-08-01) Pérez Barzallo, Samantha Valeria; Sucuzhañay Viscaino, Morelia Alexandra; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
The extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) are gram negative bacilli not sporulated that are capable of producing enzymes, which degrades the beta-lactams ring. These types of bacteria have represented for many years a health issue worldwide, specially because of its resistance to many antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporins, agents of third and fourth generation, among others. This observational quantitative study has been made with national and international background, this study has been realized in a private Hospital of the province of Azuay, during the period 2018 - 2020; the data was recollected specifically from bacteria cultures (blood culture, urine culture, coproculture, wound drainage culture, among others) of patients that corresponds on the period of time mentioned before. During the elaboration of this project the next results were obtained: of a total of 1877 enterobacteria isolated, la prevalence of ESBL was of 25,09%; Escherichia coli was the bacteria with the highest prevalence with a 76,4% followed by the Klebsiella pneumoniae with a 19,53%; the hospital area were the highest prevalence of enterobacteria ESBL was shown was in external consultation with a 75,17%; the age group with more positive cultures of enterobacteria ESBL was in the group of 65 years and over, with a 34%; the female sex presented more prevalence with a 62%; it has been showed that ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae presents resistance to other type of medication like ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, gentamicin and trimethopin with sulfamethoxazole. Concluding with this project and achieving the objectives, the information that has been described provides a contribution to the scientific community.
Prevalencia de vaginosis y vaginitis en mujeres de 18 a 45 años que acuden a consulta externa de la Clínica Humanitaria Fundación Pablo Jaramillo Crespo
(2013) Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; González Cabrera, Adriana Noemi; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz; Jerves Andrade, Lourdes
With the purpose of determining the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and of vaginitis caused by Candida albicans and Trichomona vaginalis in women that attend medical appointments at Clínica Humanitaria Fundación Pablo Jaramillo Crespo, and at the same time evaluate the diagnosis usefulness of Amsel and cols. criteria, vaginal secretion samples of 150 women aged 18 to 45 were taken between March and May of 2013. The women participants must fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria prior sampling. It was detected that the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis caused bacterial vaginosis was 16,7%, followed by Candida albicans caused; with a prevalence of 14% a women aged 21 to 30. Regarding Trichomona vaginalis, the identified prevalence corresponded to 2% in women between 31 to 40 years of age. The most frequently encountered clinical manifestation was leucorrhea, accompanied by leucorrhea, offensive odor, vulvar itching, burning, and pelvic pain. Amsel and cols. which includes the presence of clue cells and amines tests, constituted the best individual parameters. Conversely, leucorrhea and pH > 4.5 are not parameters which individually help to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. There are other combinations of two criteria with high diagnostic value such as: clue cells with amine test, and amine test with pH.
Proteína beta traza como biomarcador en el diagnóstico clínico temprano de nefropatía diabética en pacientes mayores de 40 años con diabetes mellitus II
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-27) Barros Parra, Diana Elizabeth; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is an important public health problem because it is one of the main causes of chronic and terminal renal disease. Beta-trace protein (BTP) could be a potential biomarker in the early clinical diagnosis of this disease. Objective: To describe beta trace protein as a biomarker in the early clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in patients older than 40 years with diabetes mellitus type II. Methodology: Descriptive revision of descriptive characteristics, based on the search for information in various scientific databases, for its analysis, with the purpose of demonstrating the relationship between the current studies and the usefulness of PBT, systematized in tables and infographics. Results: The studies in general indicated that PBT is an important biomarker in the early detection of ND, observing high levels in serum and urine. In addition, it has a moderate discriminatory capacity between patients with and without DN (area under the curve AUC: 0.731), an overall accuracy of 70% classified as a reliable test. Compared to creatinine, BTP offers advantages in the estimation of Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR), being a more specific marker. Conclusions: BPT is considered a promising biomarker for early detection of DN and monitoring of renal function in patients with DM2. PBT demonstrated a moderate ability to discriminate between patients who suffer from or not DN, and finally, it was evidenced that this marker has a significant negative correlation with GFR in specific populations, being better that the one with creatinine.