Browsing by Author "Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo"

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Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Households: The Case of the Paute River Basin of Azuay Province, Ecuador
(2020) Quinde Lituma, María Elena; Cordero Ahiman, Otilia Vanessa; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo; Beltrán Romero, Pablo Aníbal
Eliminating food insecurity is one of humanity’s greatest global challenges. Thus, the purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that determine food insecurity in households in the rural area of the Paute River Basin, Azuay Province, Ecuador. Stratified sampling was used as the sampling method, with proportional affixation. Moreover, we employed the Latin American and Caribbean Household Food Security Measurement Scale (ELCSA). We estimated the main determinants of household food insecurity using two binomial logit models and one ordered logit model. For the analysis of the data, the respective statistical and econometric tests were employed. The results show that housing size and access to food security information are the most important determinants of food insecurity in the three predictive models applied in this research.This research contributes to the existing literature on food insecurity and provides important information forpolicymakers, especially regarding food insecurity in rural areas, which has profound economic and social implications.
Evaluación de la digestibilidad in vitro de las fracciones de cacao y bagazo de café como alimentos no convencionales en cerdos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-03) Chacho González, Marlon Patricio; Moscoso Moscoso, Thomas Genaro; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo
Swine production is a strategic economic activity that faces the ongoing challenge of reducing feed costs. In this context, agro-industrial by-products such as cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee pulp may represent viable alternative feed ingredients, provided they are properly evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro digestibility of five substrates—wheat, corn, cocoa pulp, cocoa husk, and coffee pulp—by assessing variables such as apparent dry matter digestibility, gas production, and chemical composition. The results showed that wheat and corn exhibited the highest digestibility rates, with values of 88,34% and 83,74%, respectively. They also registered the highest cumulative gas production at 96 hours (106,5 mL/g for wheat and 101,40 mL/g for corn). In contrast, cocoa husk and coffee pulp showed lower digestibility values (60,88% and 61,34%, respectively) and significantly reduced gas production (62,92 mL/g and 71,83 mL/g), which is associated with their higher lignin content. Cocoa pulp yielded intermediate results, with 70,8% digestibility and 84 mL/g of gas produced. These findings suggest that, although certain by-products such as cocoa pulp have potential as alternative feed ingredients in swine diets, their inclusion must be based on a detailed evaluation of their nutritional value and digestibility.
Factors that determine the dietary diversity score in rural households: the case of the Paute river basin of Azuay province, Ecuador
(2021) Cordero Ahiman, Otilia Vanessa; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo; Franco Crespo, Christian David; Beltrán Romero, Pablo Aníbal; Quinde Lituma, María Elena
Inadequate food and nutrition affect human well-being, particularly for many poor subpopulations living in rural areas. The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that determine the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) in the rural area of the Paute River Basin, Azuay Province, Ecuador. The sample size of 383 surveys was determined by a stratified random sampling method with proportional affixation. Dietary diversity was measured through the HDDS, with 12 food groups (cereals; roots and tubers; fruits; sugar/honey; meat and eggs; legumes or grains; vegetables; oils/fats; milk and dairy products; meats; miscellaneous; fish and shellfish) over a recall period of 7 days. A Poisson regression model was used to determine the relationship between the HDDS and sociodemographic variables. The results show that the average HDDS of food consumption is 10.89 foods. Of the analyzed food groups, the most consumed are cereals; roots and tubers; fruits; sugar/honey. In addition, the determinants that best explain the HDDS in the predictive model were housing size, household size, per capita food expenditure, area of cultivated land, level of education, and marital status of the head of household. The tools used in this research can be used to analyze food and nutrition security interventions. Furthermore, the results allow policymakers to identify applicable public policies in the fight against hunger.
Medición de la inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares pertenecientes a la zona rural de la cuenca del río Paute de la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador
(Universidad de Buenos Aires. Eubeba, 2022) Cordero Ahiman, Otilia Vanessa; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo; Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Beltrán Romero, Pablo Aníbal; Quinde Lituma, María Elena
En el mundo, cerca de 2.000 millones de personas padecen inseguridad ali- mentaria moderada o grave por la falta de acceso regular a alimentos nutritivos y suficientes (FAO et al., 2019). El número de personas que padecen hambre ha aumentado a casi 821 millones (FAO, FIDA et al., 2018) y en América Latina y el Caribe a 39,3 millones, siendo las personas que viven en las zonas rurales las que tienen mayor riesgo de padecer inseguridad alimentaria (FAO, OPS et al., 2018), afectado el cumplimiento del objetivo hambre cero para 2030. En efecto, el 46% de las personas en el mundo padecen hambre (FAO et al., 2019).
Responsible marketing in the traffic light labeling of food products in Ecuador: perceptions of Cuenca consumers
(2022) Cordero Ahiman, Otilia Vanessa; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo; Fernandez Lucero, Cecilia Alexandra; Torres Torres, Daniela Fernanda; Ayaviri Nina, Víctor Dante; Quispe Fernández, Gabith Miriam
Responsible marketing (RM) helps companies make products that improve people’s lives and is in line with public policies that provide a positive impact on society; an example of this is traffic light nutritional labelling (TLNL). Ecuador was a pioneer in Latin America in the mandatory implementation of TLNL. For this reason, this research aimed to analyze RM in the TLNL of food products from the perception of consumers in the urban area of Cuenca, Ecuador. Specifically, the research aimed to answer: What is the degree of consumer understanding of TLNL in the urban area of Cuenca, Ecuador? A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken, with 384 surveys conducted. A chi-square test (χ2) was performed, which showed the relationship between variables reflecting RM knowledge and the understanding and use of TLNL. An ordinal logit model (OLM) was applied, showing that the variables of education, knowledge of labeling, and knowledge of marketing were associated with a greater probability of having some level of understanding of TLNL. Finally, a binomial logit model (BLM) revealed that the variables of income level, knowledge of TLNL, illnesses, confidence in TLNL, the influence of COVID-19 on eating habits, and knowledge of marketing were associated with people being more likely to use TLNL. RM is present in the TLNL through the clear and understandable dissemination of information.
Ruminal use of undegraded‐feed soluble protein and accuracy of the estimations of the nutrient content in ruminal bacteria
(2019) Gonzalez Cano, Javier; Diáz Royón, Fernando; Vanegas Ruiz, Jorge Leonardo; Arroyo, Jose Maria; Carro Traviso, María Dolores
BACKGROUND: The possible escape from the rumen of undegraded-feed soluble proteins (SP) was investigated using 15N infusions (25 mg) in three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers. Animals were fed three isoproteic diets differing in SP content and including protein concentrates either untreated (control) or treated with solutions of either malic (MHT) or orthophosphoric (OHT) acids and heat. RESULTS: Compared with control, MHT and OHT diets reduced ruminal concentrations of NH3N by 35.9% (P = 0.007), non-ammonia N (NAN) by 36.8% (P = 0.007), and SP-nitrogen (SP-N) by 45.2% (P = 0.072) over the post-feeding period. Both NAN and SP-N were lower (P ≤ 0.040) for OHT than for MHT diet. The 15N enrichment of NAN and SP-N did not vary either among diets or with time, and both values were closely related (R2 = 0.965; P < 0.001). Estimations, either using solid-associated (SAB) or liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) as a reference, indicated that 0.983 and 0.894 of SP-N (values averaged across diets) was of microbial origin, respectively, which would indicate a practically negligible ruminal escape of feed SP-N. Values of 15Nenrichment in SAB and LAB fitted well to previously published SAB-LAB relationships, indicating a 22% underevaluation of the N supply from SAB when only LAB is used as a reference. CONCLUSION: Both the negligible ruminal escape of feed SP and the underevaluation of the bacterial nutrient supply as a consequence of the use of LAB as the only bacterial reference should be considered to improve ruminant protein feeding systems.