Browsing by Author "Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine"

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Actualización de hemorragia posparto. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-31) Morales Ayora, Xavier Santiago; Matute Ortega, Viviana Soledad; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric complication with high morbidity and mortality, a problem that is accentuated in developing countries, due to its repercussions, timely identification and management is a priority. General objective: to determine the prevalence, causes, risk factors and effectiveness of the medical and / or surgical treatment of PPH. Methodology: systematic review. Controlled, randomized clinical trials, analytical, descriptive studies, published in the last 5 years, without language discrimination, were included. The search was carried out in electronic databases such as Cochrane Library Plus, Embase, Pubmed and Lilacs. The information was synthesized in personalized tables. Results: the prevalence of PPH fluctuates between 2.1% and 79.6%. Uterine atony was the most common cause of PPH, followed by trauma. Age ≥ 35 years, nulliparity, history of PPH, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, longer duration of the third stage of labor, instrumental deliveries, and perineal tears were considered as risk factors. Hayman suture showed effectiveness between 87 and 95.1% and hydrostatic balloon tamponade between 91 and 96% in the PPH control. Conclusions: the prevalence varies according to access to health, uterine atony was the most frequent cause, nulliparity was the factor most commonly associated with PPH. The Hayman suture and hydrostatic tamponade showed high effectiveness in the management of PPH. Limitations: restriction on access to information by economic category, in addition, limited studies with representative samples that evaluated the effectiveness in the management of PPH.
Actualización en el uso de sulfato de magnesio en obstetricia. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-28) Ortiz Saltos, Elsa Raquel; Ballesteros Quijije, Favia Gabriela; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: Magnesium sulfate is a drug widely used in obstetrics for its anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antineuroinflamatory and fetal neuroprotection effects, thus contributing to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. Objective: describe maternal and neonatal benefits, complications, symptoms and signs of the use of magnesium sulfate in the obstetric field Methodology: observational study, systematic review. Controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews, analytical and descriptive studies were included. The articles analyzed were published in the last five years as quartile evidence 1 to 3, in English and Spanish, and extracted from electronic bases such as Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane Result: Inhibition of seizures was the main beneficial effect in pregnant women after the administration of magnesium and especially premature neonates, this drug was found to be a protective factor in the occurrence of cerebral palsy and intraventricular hemorrhage. Hypotension and hyporeflexia were the most frequent signs of intoxication. Regarding maternal complications, the most common included: renal failure, acute lung edema and postpartum hemorrhage, and in neonatal disorders, bradycardia was described as the most common. Conclusions: magnesium sulfate showed multiple benefits during perinatal administration, especially in the management of seizures and fetal neuroprotection; Although adverse events were evidenced, its benefits outweigh the risks inherent in its use. Limitations: the difficulty of access to high quality information due to its high economic categories.
Anemia por deficiencia de hierro en el embarazo. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-31) Guerrero Cevallos, Esteban Rigoberto; Orellana Orellana, Mercy del Cisne; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
BACKGROUND: iron deficiency in the course of pregnancy is a situation with a high prevalence worldwide and is associated with a high rate of perinatal complications. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: to establish the prevalence, associated factors and adverse perinatal effects of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: observational study, systematic review. Descriptive, analytical, retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional articles, published from 2015 to 2020 with quartile one to four, were included in the analysis. For the information search, databases such as: Lilacs, Cochrane library, Pubmed, Scielo, Medline, Trip database will be used. RESULTS: high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (ADH) during pregnancy (42.7%), normochromic normocytic anemia was the most frequent (68.9%), with a predominance in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, regardless of geographic areas. Sociodemographic factors were the most relevant determinants in the association of iron deficiency anemia risk, specifically in adolescents, residents in rural areas, low educational and socioeconomic level. Nulliparity was the obstetric factor with the highest probability of risk. The perinatal complications were IUGR, fetal death, hemorrhage postpartum and premature delivery as the most frequent events. Conclusions: the literature consulted showed a high frequency of ADH during pregnancy, being associated mostly with sociodemographic factors, with important repercussions during the perinatal period. Limitations: limited access to relevant and quality information by economic category of the different articles consulted.
Cesárea por monitorización cardiotocográfica fetal no satisfactoria
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-07) Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Castro, Boris
This study is attained to establish the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, of the fetal cardiotocographic monitoring for the diagnosis of acute fetal suffering wich leads to the termination of the gestation with in an emergency cesarean surgery, compared to the APGAR test of the new born as a Gold Standard. The universe of the study consisted in 880 pregnant women to whom a cesarean surgery was made. A 110 new born sample was obtained. 46 of them were diagnosed with acute fetal suffering with Gold Standard test; with an Apgar test < 7 at the first minute, 64 were normal with an Apgar test ≥ 7. This study found that the sensibility of the fetal cardiotocographic monitoring was 21.7% (IC 95% 12.26, 35.57¹).), and the specificity was 84.4% (IC 95% 73.57, 91.29¹). The conclusion was that the fetal cardiotocographic monitoring helps more as a test to value fetal well-being, above everything in high obstetrics risk pregnancies, the test is pretty less sensitive to detect that a fetus is coursing acute fetal suffering.
Ecografía doppler de la arteria pulmonar como indicador de madurez pulmonar fetal, Cuenca – Ecuador
(2020) Orellana Ortega, Jonnathan Paul; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Cardenas Heredia, Freddy Rosendo; Orellana Guerrero, Romulo Vinicio; Mendez Cabrera, Saul Fabricio; Sanchez Salazar, Gustavo Mauricio
Introduction: pulmonary artery flow metric in healthy fetuses can be a predictive study of lung maturity, which leads to an impact on the decrease in perinatal mortality.Objective: to establish the ratio of pulmonary artery acceleration time to ejection time (AT/ET) as an indicator of fetal lung maturity in pregnant women from 26 to 40 weeks of gestation (WG), users of the “Hospital Especializado Fundación Humanitaria Pablo Jaramillo Crespo”, period 2017.Methods: A validity study of diagnostic tests was carried out. Pulmonary artery flow metric was evaluated by Doppler ultrasound in 300 healthy fetuses of pregnant women between 15 to 45 years old. Surveys were used to collect data. Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were used to determine validity.Results: the value of the TA / TE index of the pulmonary artery was 0.216 for pregnant women between 26-28 WG; of 0.253 between 29-31 WG; 0.279 between 32-34 WG; 0.315 for pregnant women between 35-37 WG and 0.349 between 38-40 WG. The 37 WG at the cut-off point was 0.320; the ROC area was 0.98 with a S: 95.2%, E: 97.2%. The PPV 93.0% and NPV 98.1%.Conclusions: the AT/ET ratio of pulmonary artery showed correlation with gestational age. An AT/ET ratio of 0.320, as a cut-off point, predicts fetal lung maturity
El rol de la mamografía en el tamizaje del cáncer de mama. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-06-10) Endara Vaca, Christian Stalin; Chavarria Velasco, Laura Denisse; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: breast cancer is one of the neoplasms with the highest incidence in women worldwide, therefore there are different screening methods, including mammography. Objective: to collect information on the findings, factors, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of mammography as a screening method for breast cancer. Methodology: observational, systematic review. The bibliographic search was carried out mainly in Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Cochrane. Scientific articles with full text published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, during the period 2015 to 2020, quartile 1 to 3, with methodological, descriptive, retrospective, prospective, analytical designs and diagnostic validation tests. Results: 30 articles were reviewed and analyzed in the results chapter. The most common radiological mammographic findings were: micro calcifications, breast masses and changes in architectural distortion, with category 0, 1, 2, 3 being the most frequent. The age between 40 to 69 years, the higher educational and socio-economic level, married marital status and having health insurance were the determining factors for performing mammography, in addition, said radiological examination had high validity as a cancer screening method breast. Conclusions: according to the literature review, there is a high validity of mammography as a screening method for breast cancer. Limitations: accessibility to scientific articles was limited by economic items as a requirement for access.
Hidatidosis y embarazo. Hospital "San Juan de Dios" Cauquenes VII Región. Chile
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-12) Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
The human echinococcosis is the result of parasitism by the larval stage of 4 echinococcus species, from which E. granulosus (cystic hydatid disease) and E. multilocular (alveolar hydatid disease) are the most important. An endemic zoonosis in the IX Region of Chile brings as consequence facts considered rarities in the clinical practice as the association of hydatid and pregnancy. A case of an 18 teenager who is pregnant with 8 weeks of gestation more hydatid cyst is presented with the respective literature reviewed.
Hipotiroidismo y sus implicaciones en el embarazo. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-06-01) Parra Muñoz, Victoria de Jesús; Cando Zhingri, Diana Patricia; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: Gestational hypothyroidism (GH) is the second cause of endocrine pathology in pregnant patients after diabetes, the subclinical form being identified more frequently, however, it can lead to multiple maternal-fetal alterations, therefore the importance in the timely detection and treatment. General objective: to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and its implications in pregnancy Methodology: observational study, systematic review. Nineteen studies were included, including randomized controlled trials, analytical cohort and / or controls and controls, meta-analyzes, with pregnant participants in different trimesters of pregnancy. Quartile one to four articles were selected, obtained from different electronic databases, mainly from Pubmed, published in English and Spanish, in a period no longer than the last 5 years. Results: the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed variable figures, however, subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent entity. Thyroid screening was mostly performed during the first trimester, with reference ranges that showed differences in dependence on the geographic areas and the authors consulted. Spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and fetal death were the most relevant perinatal complications of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Conclusions: although the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy reported in most studies was low, subclinical hypothyroidism showed more representative figures. The most common perinatal complications attributed to gestational hypothyroidism were: spontaneous abortion, premature delivery and stillbirth. Limitations: methodological heterogeneity of studies included in the study.
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Associated Factors in Indigenous Women in Ecuador: a Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
(2023) Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Delgado López, Dayanara Alejandra; Ortiz Mejía, José Stalin; Campoverde Cisneros, Manuel Alfredo
Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of death from malignancy in women in Ecuador. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent of CC. Although several studies have been conducted on HPV detection in Ecuador, there are limited data on indigenous women. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the prevalence of HPV and associated factors in women from the indigenous communities of Quilloac, Saraguro and Sevilla Don Bosco. The study included 396 sexually active women belonging to the aforementioned ethnicities. A validated questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were used to detect HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These communities are located in the southern region of Ecuador and face geographical and cultural barriers to accessing health services. The results showed that 28.35% of women tested positive for both types of HPV, 23.48% for high-risk (HR) HPV, and 10.35% for low-risk (LR) HPV. Statistically significant associations were found between HR HPV and having more than three sexual partners (OR 1.99, CI 1.03–3.85) and Chlamydia trachomatis infection (OR 2.54, CI 1.08–5.99). This study suggests that HPV infection and other sexually transmitted pathogens are common among indigenous women, highlighting the need for control measures and timely diagnosis in this population
Influencia de la actividad física en la gestación. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-06-02) Coyago Bueno, Irma Soledad; Espinoza Rojas, Elizabeth Patricia; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: during pregnancy, physical activity (PA) acquires peculiar consideration because it is a period in which various anatomical-physiological and psychic changes occur. General objective: to evaluate the influence of physical activity in pregnancy. Methodology: systematic review. Randomized clinical trials, meta-analyzes, cohort and case- control and descriptive trials published in the last 5 years with quality of evidence quartile one to three were included. The electronic databases used were: Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo; Descriptors in English and Spanish were used for the search, Boolean search engines were simultaneously applied: and, or and not to specify the search. Results: in four articles, a great variability of PA was verified during pregnancy; the factors related to physical inactivity in pregnancy listed in four articles were: sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive. Rodríguez, Vásquez and Carpenter showed a positive influence of exercise on systolic and diastolic pressure, peripheral resistance and heart rate; physical activity improved ischiopubertal flexibility and spinal curvature, cord blood saturation, birth weight, and Apgar score. Likewise, other authors such as: Du, Ming, Nguyen, positioned exercise as a protective factor in gestational diabetes. Conclusions: scientific evidence supported that physical activity during pregnancy without obstetric and / or medical contraindications and with adequate supervision turned out to be a safe and beneficial practice. Limitations: access to high-quality information of evidence by economic category
Intraepithelial cervical lesions in indigenous in Ecuador
(2019) Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Murillo Bacilio, Magdali Del rocio; Castro Reyes, Boris Santiago; Cardenas Heredia, Freddy Rosendo; Sanchez Salazar, Gustavo Mauricio
The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in indigenous women of Ecuador 2017. A descriptive study was performed. Population was formed by 2489 indigenous women aged 15 to 64 years old, of which 396 users were chosen by spontaneous demand. Frequency values and percentages were taken from qualitative variables, while mean and standard deviation were taken from quantitative variables. Prevalence of intraepithelial lesions was 13,8%. Average age was 31 years old. Uncertain importance's squamous atypical cells were higher in 30-to-39-year-old group (46,7%). Non-specific atypical glandular cells were observed in 66,7% of 30-to-39-year-old group. Low-grade intraepithelial lesions were majorly found in 20-to-29-year-old group (43,8%). High-grade intraepithelial lesions were also seen in 20-to-29-year-old group. Conclusions were: prevalence of intraepithelial lesions in indigenous women of Ecuador was higher than 10% of reported in other studies, and more frequent in those aged 20 and 39 years old.
Manejo del dolor postoperatorio con morfina en anestesia espinal en cirugía gineco-obstétrica de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo Crespo
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-10) Tapia Cárdenas, Jeanneth Patricia; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment in postoperative pain with the use of morphine in conductive anesthesia in patients with gynecological obstetric surgery. Pablo Jaramillo Crespo Foundation; September-December 2011, Cuenca 2015. Methods: It is an observational, analytical, prospective and quantitative study. They included, with the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II, to 231 patients between 15 and 65 years, who were hospitalized in the Pablo Jaramillo Crespo Foundation for gynecological-obstetric surgery, conducted from September to December 2011. Doses of morphine were administered: 2 mg for epidural and 0.2 mg for spinal anesthesia. The pain was assessed at 12 and 24 hours, with the visual analog scale of pain intensity (VAS). Results: The morphine used did not have preservatives. It was observed that spinal anesthesia shows a slight advantage to the epidural, with better tolerance to pain at 12 and 24 hours (p <0.05). There was no a relationship between the etiology of obstetric and gynecological surgeries with pain at 12 and 24 hours (p>0.05). In 25.78% of cases, the morphine analgesia for spinal administration was supplemented using ketorolac intravenously. A 49.2% of patients did not show side effects of these. The most observed were: pruritus (13.14%), urinary retention (11. 3%), nausea (9.8%) and vomiting (6.9%). Conclusion: The use of morphine dose: 2 mg for epidural and 0,2 mg for spinal anesthesia, provides a favorable recovery of pain in patients with gynecological and obstetric surgery. The side effects caused by their administration can be handled efficiently without altering the postoperative recovery
Parto pretérmino y validez de la cervicometría. Revisión sistemática
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-31) Muñoz Arteaga, María Verónica; Alvarado Guamán, Mónica Elizabeth; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
BACKGROUND: preterm delivery (PP) is one of the main obstetric complications of multifactorial origin, with great impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, thus requiring timely diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence, associated factors, validity of cervicometry and association with preterm delivery. METHODOLOGY: observational study, systematic review. Included studies published in the last 5 years, without language discrimination, quality of evidence quartile 1 to 4, methodological designs such as validation tests, analytical, descriptive and/or cross-sectional. The information search was performed in electronic databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library Plus, Embase and Scopus. RESULTS: the prevalence of preterm delivery showed variable figures, ranging from 6% to 54%. History of preterm delivery and obstetric pathologies were the most relevant risk factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery, specifically preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes and obstetric hemorrhage (p <0.001). There was significant association between cervical shortening ≤ 25 mm and preterm delivery (p <0.001). Cervical length showed high specificity in detecting preterm labor, however, sensitivity was very limited at 76% and 99% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical length ≤ 25 mm showed a statistical association in predicting preterm delivery, with high specificity, but sensitivity was limited. LIMITATIONS: accessibility to articles by economic items. Great variability in populations studied, different cohorts of cervical length and weeks of gestation at follow-up.
Percepción sobre el perfil profesional de la carrera de medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca. 2013
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2014-12) Castro Calle, Fernando Eugenio; Solìz Carrión, Ana Dénise; Medina Rodríguez, María Elizabeth; Estévez Abad, René Fernando; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Dután Erraez, Hoger Gonzalo
Objective: To determine the criterion of graduate students of the School of Medicine and leaders of health institutions about the professional profile and competencies of graduate physician at the University of Cuenca Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 310 physicians with no more than 10 years following graduation from the career and with the heads of health services regardless of their graduating year, who were given a survey to ascertain their views on the work performance against medical professionals profile offered by the Medicine School of the University of Cuenca. Results: From 310 surveys, 240 were applied to graduates of the Medical School and 70 were applied to the heads of health services, accounting for 77.5% and 22.5% of respondents, respectively. The average age of graduates was 29 years and the average age of the heads of health services was 44 years. As the years have passed from graduation until the survey was 4 years on average for graduates and 16.5 for departmental heads. In the perception of both groups on the level of university education are minor differences, with a positive balance on the criteria in the development of competencies placing in the categories of “Very Good” and “Good” when rating the various aspects of skills declaring graduate profile.
Prevalencia y caracterización de fallecimientos por lesiones mortales en accidentes de tránsito vehicular, Cuenca 2015-2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-30) Chimbo Castillo, Mauricio Gustavo; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: In Ecuador for the year 2018, according to the National Transit Agency (ANT), a total of 1,528 traffic accidents were reported in the province of Azuay, of which 1,357 presented injuries and 102 died in situ. Objective: to determine the prevalence and characterization of deaths due to fatal injuries in vehicular traffic accidents, basin 2015-2018. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out at the Center for Legal and Forensic Medicine Cuenca Zone 6, in the period 2015-2018 with 291 records. For the collection of information, a self-prepared data form was used, the statistics used were the frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of deaths was 12.1 / 100 thousand inhabitants, the majority of deceased corresponds to the male sex, with marital status was single, of primary education and with ages between 19 to 35 years. Running over and collision were the most frequent traffic accident mechanisms. Injuries considered "Critical" were the most frequent, with a severity index of 61 to 75 points. Cranioencephalic trauma together with cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema, were the most frequent cause of death. Conclusion: the characteristics of death due to vehicular traffic accidents are similar to those of the global and regional population, and deaths are lower than the national average.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a cesárea primitiva. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-20) Coronel Barbecho, Fanny Piedad; Espinoza Rojas, Elizabeth Patricia; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: the prevalence of cesarean section has increased worldwide in the last 50 years, currently it is around 30% compared to 5% in the 60s. Objective: to establish the prevalence and factors associated with primitive cesarean section, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, year 2019. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 267 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed in the SPSS 25 program, the study variables were presented in percentage, the associated factor was established with values of Prevalence Ratio with 95% confidence interval, the hypothesis was accepted with p-value < 0.05. Results: the prevalence of primitive cesarean section was 49.06%, 63.67% were young adults, 53.93% married, 59.55% urban residence, 43.45% high school and 60.67% employed. Overweight represented 54.31% and 80.9% had a full-term pregnancy. The unfavorable conditions were 17.9% non-reassuring fetal status, 13% fetal dystocia and 8.6% maternal dystocia, obesity as comorbidity was 35.2% and the associated factors with statistical significance were: non-reassuring fetal status (PR= 2.6, p = 0.000), fetal dystocia (PR= 2.4, p = 0.000), maternal dystocia (PR= 2.2, p = 0.000) and preeclampsia PR= 1.91, p = 0.000). Conclusions: the prevalence of primitive cesarean section was 49.02%, the majority were young adults, the termination of pregnancy was at term, and the associated factors were: non-reassuring fetal status, fetal and maternal dystocia and preeclampsia.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la satisfacción sexual en trabajadoras de la salud del Hospital de especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2022. Estudio transversal
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-27) Mogrovejo Román, Lourdes Katherine; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: Sexual satisfaction is a fundamental component of the human being, as well as a right of sexual health. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual satisfaction and associated factors in women health workers at the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga in 2022. Methodological design: Prevalence study - cross-sectional analysis. The population consisted of 1,393 women between 20 and 65 years of age, selecting a sample of 272 individuals by randomization, to whom a sociodemographic record, the sexual satisfaction test, the EROS test to measure sexual attitudes and the BSQ8D test for image were applied. The SPSS 25 program was used and inferential statistics, Pearson's Chi-square, continuity correction, OR with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05 were used. Results: 44% reported poor satisfaction, 20% regular sexual satisfaction and 36% good satisfaction. Among women, factors such as educational background (p=0.002), body image (p=0.020), quality of the partner's relationship (p=0.000), frequency of relationships (p=0.000), and practice of oral sex (p=0.000), have a significant correlation with sexual satisfaction. Conclusions: Partial fulfillment of the proposed hypothesis is verified, since it was verified that sexual satisfaction is only associated with the level of education (university), sexual activity (oral) and body image (satisfied).
Prevalencia y factores asociados a peso bajo placentario en el post parto. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-06-08) Durán Vega, Oswaldo Jair; López Macas, Mariuxy del Cisne; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Introduction: low placental weight has been related to gestational complications, for which it is important to determine its frequency and associated factors. General objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low placental weight in the postpartum period of patients who consult in the Obstetrics department of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2020. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study, the sample was 222 pregnant patients who met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected by a validated form and created by the author. The information was analyzed using the SPSS V.23 program. Results: Patients older than 20 years predominated with 85.6%, the level of instruction was high school in 79.7%, in the same way, with a gestational age range greater than 37 weeks in 77.5% and 86.0% were overweight / obese, the frequency of low placental weight was 24.8%, being associated with statistical significance at age under 20 years (OR = 5.31, 95% CI = 2.42-11, 66; p = 0.001) and being nulliparous (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.41-4.90; p = 0.009), while gestational age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0, 45-1.97; p = 0.885) and a history of arterial hypertension (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.47-2.17; p = 0.969), alterations in nutritional status (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.28-1.47; p = 0.298), anemia (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 0.99-7.15; p = 0.082) and diabetes (OR = 4.28, 95% CI = 0.92-19.79; p = 0.065) were not associated with this condition. Conclusion: placental weight was found to be associated with nulliparity and age under 20 years, for which special care should be applied in these population groups at the time of prenatal consultation.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a preeclampsia, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-01-27) Torres Yanza, Paola Andrea; Cárdenas Mateus, Julio César; Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine
Background: hypertensive disorders are one of the main causes of maternal death, high rates of morbidity and mortality are influenced by their variation in definitions, classifications, poor adherence to health services and late referral to specialized centers, hence the importance of recognizing the main associated factors that allow us to act in a timely manner. Objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pre-eclampsia in pregnant women between 20 and 40 years of age treated in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, 2019. Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out, in a sample of 272 patients, the data were obtained from the review of medical records prior to a simple random sampling. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS program, considering the p value <0.05 and the factors associated with the Odds Ratio and their respective 95% CI statistically significant. Results: in the 272 patients, the mean age was 30.6 years, married (64.71%), urban residence (65.44%), secondary, multiparous (73.16%), of which 6.62% had preeclampsia Finding as associated risk factors without significant relevance age ≥35 years (OR = 1.2), nulliparous / primiparous (OR = 1.3), overweight or obesity (OR= 1.37) and maternal history of arterial hypertension chronic (OR= 1.33). Conclusions: the prevalence of preeclampsia was 6.62%, the associated factors without statistical significance were: with age ≥35 years, nulliparity, primiparity, overweight or obesity and maternal history of arterial hypertension chronic.
Prevalencia y factores asociados de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales en mujeres indígenas de los cantones de Cañar, Saraguro y Macas, 2016
(2017) Salazar Torres, Zoila Katherine; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo
Objective: Determine the prevalence of intraepithelial lesions (SIL) cervical and associated factors, such as: age > 29 years, begin of active sexual life (BASL) <17 years, multiparity, age at first birth < 20 years, contraceptives, use T Cu, infections (high risk human papilloma virus, gardnerella vaginals, Tricomona vaginalis, Candida albicans, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasmas urealyticum), bacterial vaginosis, inflammation, malnutrition; in indigenous women from Cañar, Saraguro and Macas cantons. Method: An analytical transversal study was carried out. By the ThinPrep-Paptest "liquid based cytology", the cervical cells were obtained for the cytology diagnosis of SIL by the Bethesda system. From a total of 2,489 indigenous women between 15 and 64 years, were spontaneously selected 396 users. To prove the hypothesis, it was used the following statistics, OR, CI 95%, chi square (p value <0.05) and multivariate analysis. Results: Prevalence of SIL 13.8%. The age> 29 years was considered a statistically significant factor associated with the SIL in the absence of HPV (OR 4.2, CI 95%; 1.21-15.04, p value 0.01.) Multiparity was a statistically significant factor associated with SIL (OR 26.7, 95% CI 11.79 - 60.52, p value 0.00) Conclusions: The prevalence of SIL was higher than 10% that those reported in other studies (13.8%), Age> 29 years and multiparity were factors related to the presence of IEL of the uterine cervix.