Browsing by Author "Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo"

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Características clínicas de los pacientes pediátricos con defectos refractivos. Fundación DONUM, Cuenca, 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-16) Castro Rodríguez, David Mateo; Patricia Estefanía, Moscoso Ávila; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with refractive errors at the “Fundación DONUM”, Cuenca, 2019. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 119 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative method was used and the review of medical records was used as a technique. To process the data, the Excel program was used with subsequent analysis in the IBM SPSS Statistics program, the results are presented in simple tables of frequency and percentages Results: A total of 36.1% of patients belong to the age group between 8 and 12 years old, 52.9% belong to the male sex, 85.7% are mestizo, 67.2% reside in Cuenca, 67.2% study primary school, and 52.1% referred decreased visual acuity as a reason for consultation. Hyperopic astigmatism was found as the most frequent refractive error (45.4% and 47.2%). A 51.3% did not refer previous optical correction, and 23.5% presented refractive amblyopia. Conclusions: Most of the patients are male, mestizos, residents of Cuenca, attending elementary school, with some type of previous refractive defect. Myopia is the most common family ophthalmological history. Decreased visual acuity was the most common reason for consultation. Hyperopic astigmatism was the most frequent in both eyes. Almost half presented optical correction, while refractive amblyopia is present in a fifth part of the sample. Key words: Refractive errors. Myopia. Astigmatism. Hyperopia.
Características clínico epidemiológicas de la miopía en pacientes de la fundación DONUM. Cuenca - Ecuador 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-03) Chang Tapia, Boris Glenn; Duque Sarmiento, Luis David; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Objective. - Describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of myopia in patients who attend to external ophthalmology consult of the DONUM Foundation. Methodology. - Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. The sample included 316 clinical histories (HCl) of myopic patients treated at the Donum Foundation. The HCl of patients with accommodative myopia, who are currently pregnant and postpartum women, were excluded in this study. Analysis and processing of the data collected was done using Excel and SPSS. The results are shown in frequency tables and percentages. Results: 1.75% of patients treated at the Donum Foundation have myopia. 32.22% of the patients belong to the age group <18 years, 56.32% female, 81.01% mixed ethnicity, 66.13% single, 70.25% reside in Cuenca , 37.6% are high school graduates and 50.63% are former students. In addition, 9.81% consume alcohol and 89.24% have a family history of myopia. Furthermore, 13.92% have amblyopia and 50.63% have decreased visual acuity as the most relevant symptom. Finally 74.36% have a mild degree of myopia, 87.34% wear frames. Conclusions: The frequency of myopia is 1.75%, patients for the most part, were under the age of 18, female, single, students, consume alcohol and having a family history of myopia. There is great association with amblyopia. The mild degree of myopia is currently the most prevalent, frame lenses are the most commonly used type of treatment and the minority are candidates to refractive surgery.
Características clínico epidemiológicas y prevalencia de glaucoma crónico simple en la Fundación DONUM durante el período 2017-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-13) Anda Jiménez, Daniela Elizabeth; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background: The open-angle glaucoma is the leading cause of permanent and irreversible vision loss worldwide. This disease is defined as a progressive optic neuropathy that results in damage of the optic disk and visual field loss. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma in DONUM foundation during 2017-2019. Methodology: The present study is descriptive, observational, retrospective crosssectional and was based in 122 patients who attended to DONUM foundation in Cuenca- Ecuador between 2017 to 2019. The information was collected from the clinical records who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria with a form performed by the authors. Prevalence rate was calculated in cases per 100 people. The results were presented using simple frequency tables and percentages. Results: The prevalence of open angle glaucoma was 4.60%, with higher prevalence in women than men, associated with a family history of glaucoma, mestizo ethnicity, hypertension and older age. It was found that 45.9% of patients came to the medical consultation asymptomatic, the most frequent comorbidity was high myopia, an alteration in the fundus was found in all patients and 27.7% of the population had a visual acuity less than 20/200; defined as blindness. Conclusions: Open angle glaucoma is more frequent in women from mestizo ethnicity, positive family history of glaucoma, and advanced age. Most of the patients are asymptomatic, which is related to a late diagnosis and worse visual prognosis.
Características clínico-epidemiológicas y resolución quirúrgica del pterigion primario en pacientes atendidos en el 2018 en la Fundación Donum, Cuenca 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-06-23) Vásquez Guamán, Erika Paola; Velesaca Tacuri, Irene Estefanía; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo; Parra Parra, Jorge Leonidas
Background: pterygium is an ocular pathology present worldwide, being common in hot and dry climates; it is more frequent in the rural sector, affecting population groups between 20 and 50 years old and the prevalence varies widely according to the geographical situation. General objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and surgical resolution of the primary pterygium in patients who were treated at the Donum Foundation. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in patients who were attended in the ophthalmological area of the Donum Foundation in 2018. The clinical-epidemiological characteristics are described, as well as the surgical strategies adopted. The sample was constituted by 236 patients who meet the established criteria. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS 24 (trial version) and Microsoft Word 2010; it is presented through simple tables. Results: a greater frequency of pterygium was obtained in the age group of 30 to 44 years in 39.8%, it was predominant in women, residents in urban areas and who carry out domestic activities. It is characterized by its nasal, bilateral and grade II location. The main symptoms are redness and fleshiness. A primary pterygium frequency was obtained in patients who underwent surgery of 1.30%. The surgical technique used was the conjunctival autograft. The main complication was recurrences in 2.12%. Conclusion: the frequency of patients was underwent surgery for primary pterygium was low compared to other studies
Características clínico-quirúrgicas de pacientes con Agujero Macular. Centro Oftalmológico Exilaser. Cuenca, 2015-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-05-12) Guerrero Cabrera, Susana Teresa; Márquez Marchán, Andrea Carolina; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background: The macular hole is one of the least studied ophthalmological pathologies; the satisfactory treatment has been achieved through the implementation of surgical techniques a few years ago and the study and analysis of its clinical-surgical characteristics is of vital importance to assess the success of surgery with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Objective: Describe the clinical-surgical characteristics of patients diagnosed on for a macular hole at the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center in Cuenca in the period 2015-2019. Methodological design: Descriptive, retrospective study. The study universe corresponds to 75 patients who attended the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center and were diagnosed with AM between January-2015 and December-2019. Results: 76.0% of the patients are women; 81.3% are between 60 and 79 years old; 96.0% reside in urban areas; 34.7% are dedicated to housework; 24.0% report cataracts; 26.7% have arterial hypertension; 84.0% presented loss of central vision; 80.0% had decreased visual acuity. 50.7% presented affection only in the right eye; 53.3% had a chronic evolution greater than one year; 33.3% present grade III AM. 44.0% had surgery; 93.9% had anatomical surgical closure. The relationship between the degree of MA, time of evolution and closure of the MA was not significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The success rate of MA closure after surgical intervention is greater than 90% with improvement in postoperative visual acuity. No significant association was found between the grade of the MA, time of evolution and the closure of the MA.
Características de catarata senil en pacientes atendidos en la Fundación DONUM, Cuenca-Ecuador en periodos 2015-2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-05-18) Arias Loja, Gabriela Alexandra; Cabrera Piña, María Augusta; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Objective: Describe the characteristics of senile cataract in patients treated at the Donum Foundation, Cuenca-Ecuador in the period 2015-2018. Methods and techniques: A quantitative, descriptive, observational, retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in 308 patients operated of senile cataract in the Donum Foundation, Cuenca, in the period 2015-2018. Descriptive statistics methods and Microsoft Excel software version 10.0 will be used for data analysis and detailed in simple tables. Results: The frequency of senile cataract was 72% in patients aged 71-80 years being more than half of female sex and rural residence, general pathological background of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus predominated, in the ophthalmologic antecedents the previous surgery of the eye led followed by glaucoma, the ocular manifestation in 100% of patients was the alteration of visual acuity; the bilateral ocular condition with location of nuclear opacity and a mature and immature stage were in similar frequencies; The surgical technique that predominated was the extracapsular, presenting complications in 25 to 30% of patients. Conclusions: The most frequent type of cataract is senile, with a prevalence of age between 71 - 80; female sex and rural residence are also predominant factors. Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the main comorbidities, with an alteration in visual acuity in all patients, nuclear location, immature and mature stage, extracapsular surgery was the more frequent technique, with satisfactory postoperative results in the majority of population.
Frecuencia de enfermedades oculares que requieren de queratoplastia en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2017-2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-20) Pintado Carpio, Andrea Fabiola; Fiallo Quito, Gabriel Sebastián; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background. Cases where the visual impairment is caused by a corneal disease, which when aggravated, requires a corneal transplant to restore visual function, this is considered the most common type of transplant in the world and has developed rapidly in recent years. General aim. Determine the Frequency of eye diseases that require keratoplasty at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca 2017-2021. Methodological design. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out in patients with ocular pathologies at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, for this, 1500 medical records were reviewed and 130 medical records were used, said data were collected in a form, entered into the Microsoft Excel program and into the IBM SPSS Statistics version 24 program it was calculated frequencies and percentages, the results are presented in the relevant tables. Results. 58.5% were men; 26.2% were between 26 and 35 years old; 66.2% of patients requiring keratoplasty had a diagnosis of keratoconus presented on; 81.5% of the patients were successful in the procedure; 71% of success in this type of procedure was presented in patients with Keratoconus. Conclusions. The diagnosed ophthalmological pathology that required keratoplasty was keratoconus, blurred vision and corneal scar were the most frequent signs and symptoms. A high success rate was obtained in this procedure keratoconus being the most successful pathology in keratoplasty.
Frecuencia de queratocono en pacientes diagnosticados y tratados en la clínica oftalmológica Oftalmolaser en el periodo 2011-2017
(2019-09-05) Carpio Cordero, José Enrique; Enríquez Mancheno, David Francisco; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo; Roldan Fernández, José Vicente
Introduction: keratoconus is a disease of the cornea with important genetic and environmental factors, with high incidence in the Ecuadorian Austro, for this several family groups are affected, there are members who have a high risk of developing it, it is important to timely diagnosis to prevent the development and evolution of the pathology, through the application of appropriate treatments. Objective: to determine the frequency and characteristics of keratoconus in patients diagnosed and treated in the ophthalmological clinic Oftalmolaser in the 2011-2017 period. Material and method: the study had two phases, in the first a transversal study of patients diagnosed and treated at the Oftalmolaser Ophthalmological Clinic. Data were obtained as age, sex, keratoconus grade, visual affectation and treatment, these were analyzed with the SPSS program version 18, frequency and percentage tables were developed. For the second phase, familiograms were formed, collecting data such as age, history of atopy, ocular rubbing and associated pathologies, family history of keratoconus, and visual involvement. Results: in the first phase it was determined that the frequency of keratoconus in the Oftalmológica Oftalmolaser clinic was 7%. it was observed that there is a greater frequency of the pathology between 11 to 30 years (63.6%) and in the male sex (57%). The majority of patients 49.6% had grade 3 keratoconus. The most used treatment was intrastromal rings. The affectation was unilateral in 58%. In the second phase, in familiograms it was found that 43.75% were first degree relatives. 100% of patients have a history of atopy, ocular rubbing and family history of the pathology Conclusions: the frequency of keratoconus was 7%, most of the patients were between 11 and 30 years old and had the same sex with keratoconus grade 3 and unilateral affectation in the majority of cases. Family contacts, atopy and eye rub.
Frecuencia y caracterización de ambliopías en pacientes oftalmológicos de la Fundación Donum, Cuenca-Ecuador, Enero 2015 – Diciembre 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-05-20) Arias Galán, Sofía Nataly; Pozo Galán, Cristina Micaela; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Course objective: determine the frequency and characteristics of amblyopia in patients of the ophthalmological area of the “DONUM” Foundation January 2015 - December 2018. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of the digital files of all patients (190) with clinical histories with a diagnosis of amblyopia who attended an ophthalmological consultation at the “DONUM” Foundation, evaluating the age variables, sex, origin, occupation, amblyogenic factors, visual acuity with correction and without correction, refractive defect, laterality of amblyopia, type of amblyopia and visual impairment; descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: the frequency of amblyopia was 1.18%, with no predilection for sex, more common in patients aged 10 to 19 years, from the mountains region and workers; the visual acuities without and with correction were 20/100 and 20/70, astigmatism was the most frequent refractive defect, 82% presented refractive amblyopia, 53% was unilateral, myopia was the most frequent amblyogenic factor and 62% had undetermined visual impairment. Conclusions: the frequency of amblyopia was minimal but according to that of the region, without differences between sexes, with a predominance in patients aged 10 to 19 years, highland people and workers; the refractive and unilateral type prevailed; the most common refractive defect, amblyogenic factor and visual impairment were astigmatism, myopia, and indeterminate, respectively and; visual acuity without and with correction improved from 20/100 to 20/70.
Índices topográficos corneales en pacientes con defectos refractivos atendidos en la clínica Latino entre el período 2016-2018. Cuenca, 2019.
(2020-01-07) Ferrín Loor, Marcela Monserrat; Rivas Vinces, Erwin Andree; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background: Corneal topography is a no-invasive image technique that draw de curve, shape and characteristics of corneal surface. Corneal topographic indices are quantitative parameters that assess the optical quality and the corneal regularity in a global form (1). Perhaps corneal topography is available in the city for people who have refractive errors, there are not information or analysis about topographic indices. Objective: To describe corneal topographic indices in patients with refractive errors. Latino Clinic. 2016-2018. Cuenca, 2019. Methodology: observational, transversal, descriptive, retrospective study. Included 71 medical records of patients with refractive errors, we excluded 2 because they were incomplete, although the sample was 69 patients (138 eyes). Data was recollected using a formulary that contents corneal indices and then statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.22 software. Results: 63.8% were young adults and 59.4% were women. Prevalent refractive error was complex myopic astigmatism with 73.9%. The mean pachymetry was 519.78. Corneal indices that presented frequently as pathologic was IHD with 49.3%. Conclusions: frequent refractive errors were complex myopic astigmatism and mixture astigmatism. Most eyes with corneal topographic indices altered or pathologic presented corneal ectasia.
Parámetros refractivos y topográficos del módulo Belin/Ambrósio en pacientes con defectos refractivos de la Clínica Latino, Cuenca 2017-2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-04-14) Alvarez Guachichulca, Javier Santiago; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background: Ectasia is an alteration of corneal curvature and thickness that can have important repercussions on visual acuity. Keratoconus is the most common type of ectasia. Objective: to describe the refractive and topographical parameters of the Belin/Ambrosio module in patients with refractive defects at the Clínica Latino, Cuenca-Ecuador, in the period 2017-2021. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. We worked with a database made up of anonymous cases of patients with refractive defects treated at the ophthalmological consultation of the Latino Clinic during the period January 2017 - June 2021. The data was collected using a form that contains the study variables. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used for data collection and analysis using frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency. Results: the sample consisted of a total of 120 patients, 61.7% were women and 38.3% were men. 70.8% were young adults. The mean pachymetry of the center of the pupil, apex, and position of least pachymetry was 521 μm, 520 μm, and 513 μm, respectively. The mean of flattest keratometry, most curved keratometry and maximum keratometry was 43.30 D, 46.32 D and 48.01 D, respectively. Conclusions: the distribution of cases according to frontal elevation and posterior elevation showed pathological values in more than 50% of the corneas studied. According to the average progression index, pathology was found in 18.8% of the cases and according to the average deviations, 25.4% presented corneal ectasia in different stages.
Resultados de la cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación con lente intraocular clareon. Centro oftalmológico exilaser Cuenca junio 2020 – julio 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-26) Atiencia Amaya, Francisco Javier; Jara Murillo, Jorge Andrés; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Objective: to describe the results of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with Clareon intraocular lens at the Exilaser Ophthalmological Center in Cuenca, from June 2020 to July 2021. Methodology: a descriptive - observational, cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of the medical records in the digital database of the Exilaser Ophthalmological Clinic with a total of 114 patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with Clareon intraocular lens, evaluating the age variables , sex, origin, occupation, medical history, ophthalmological history, surgical ophthalmological history, preoperative visual acuity, preoperative corrected visual acuity, preoperative refractive cylinder, preoperative refractive sphere, postoperative visual acuity, corrected postsurgical visual acuity, postsurgical refractive cylinder, postoperative refractive sphere, trans-surgical complications and post-surgical complications; descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: the most frequent preoperative visual acuity on the Snellen scale was 20/CD with 27.2%, the most frequent corrected preoperative visual acuity was 20/CD with 14.0%, the most frequent preoperative refractive cylinder value was 0 with 50.9%, the most frequent preoperative refractive sphere value was 0 with 28.9%, postoperative visual acuity was 20/30 with 20.2%, postoperative corrected visual acuity was 20/20 with 53 .5%, the most frequent post-surgical refractive sphere value was 0 with 40.4%, the most frequent post-surgical refractive cylinder value was 0 with 14.0%, in 99.1% they did not present trans-surgical complications, in 91.2% did not present postoperative complications. Conclusions: Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with Clareon intraocular lens improves visual acuity and refractive sphere, with statistically significant results, with minimal transsurgical and post-surgical complications.
Resultados del tratamiento con luz pulsada intensa regulada para el síndrome del ojo seco. Centro Oftalmológico Exiláser. 2016 - 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-10-06) López Cabrera, Julissa Lizbeth; Jimenez Morocho, Ruben Dario; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of Regulated Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for Dry Eye Syndrome at the Exiláser Ophthalmology Center. 2016 – 2021 METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study was performed using the digital database of the Exiláser Ophthalmologic Center. The following variables were used: sex, age, occupation, ophthalmologic and systemic personal history, symptoms, signs, characteristics of glandular expression, pressure performed for glandular expression and OSDI test. Data were collected, tabulated and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: It was observed that more than half of the universe were male patients older than 58 years, 64.4% did not present a baseline disease. 57.8% did not report any ophthalmologic history. Ocular pain was reported in 42.2% and conjunctival hyperemesis was visualized in 45.3%. Before treatment with Regulated Intense Pulsed Light Treatment (IRPL), 53% presented granular glandular expression and severe pressure was seen in 45.3%. After treatment, the most frequent glandular expression was: non-transparent liquid with 54.7% and the pressure exerted in 50% was mild. Finally, 53.1% presented SOS of moderate severity, with gritty sensation most of the time, affectation when working in front of digital screens and exposure to wind. CONCLUSIONS: It was evidenced that, after the application of the IRPL in patients with SOS, the glandular expression improved and the pressure exerted decreased, considerably alleviating the signs and symptoms.