Browsing by Author "Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro"

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Accuracy of ultrasound and visual inspection in antral follicular count in crossbred Holstein cows raised under grazing systems at high altitude
(2023) Astiz, Susana
The objective of this research was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of post- mortem ultrasound in antral follicle count (AFC) determination and compare it with visual AFC in grazing crossbred Holstein cows, at high altitude in Ecuador. Pre- mortem blood from 80 cows was collected, and AFC and ovarian characteristics were ana-lysed post- mortem by ultrasound and visual techniques. AFC counts were stratified as high, medium or low by terciles. Mean AMH concentration in pre- mortem blood was 280.1 ± 15.53 pg/mL. The AFC obtained by visual inspection (26.9 ± 9.49 follicles) was 23.8% higher than by ultrasound (20.5 ± 7.53 follicles) in all ovaries. Body condi-tion score, age and weight of the cattle did not interact with the count technique. In the low AFC group, visual inspection and ultrasound provided similar AFC results. However, in the Medium- and High-AFC groups, AFC by ultrasound was 14.9% lower than AFC by visual inspection. We confirm that ultrasound can be used with great accuracy for AFC >3 mm (close to the resolution limit) in grazing crossbred Holstein cows at high altitude.
Capacidad de reinicio de la meiosis de ovocitos provenientes de folículos de varios tamaños obtenidos de ovarios de camal
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Palacios Cedeño, Tito Emmanuel; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dutan Sanango, Jorge Bolivar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier
The competence of oocytes according to follicle size to restart meiosis was evaluated. The follicles were measured and classified as Group 1 (G1 <4 mm), Group 2 (G2 4-8 mm) and Group 3 (G3 >8 mm). The aspiration was performed by group with a 21G needle connected to a vacuum pump, with a pressure of 65 mmHg. The complex oocyte clusters (COCs) recovered were classified as suitable and unsuitable to produce embryos in vitro, according to the characteristics of the cumulus and the cytoplasm. Eligible and unsuitable COCs were assessed with the Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) and were classified into BCB+ and BCB-. In vitro maturation (IVM) was carried out in microdroplets, incubated in a 5% CO2 chamber, 38.5 °C and 90% humidity for 24 hours. The meiotic progression was determined by extrusion of the polar corpuscle by epifluorescence under an inverted microscope. Oocyte morphometry was established using a high definition camera (Excelis AU-600-HD) and software (AmScope v.3.7). The recovery percentage of oocytes was greater than 63%. The G2 follicles provided a higher percentage of eligible COCs (65.7%), where 59% of this group was classified as BCB+. The fit oocytes of G1 and G2 resumed meiosis by 75%. In addition, it was observed that oocytes after IVM reduced their diameter. It is concluded that follicle oocytes between 4-8 mm (G2) provide a higher percentage of mature COCs; however, 50% of follicles <4 mm (G1) are a promising source of viable oocytes, so they should be used for in vitro embryo production.
Características morfométricas de las razas criollas encerado, colorado, atigrado y pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador
(ALPA, 2018) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Dutan Sanango, Jorge Bolivar
Se caracterizó la morfometría de las razas Criollas Encerado, Colorado, Atigrado y Pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador, donde se evaluaron 106 vacas multíparas, edad promedio 5,3±0,19 años, número de partos 2,9±0,21 y condición corporal 3,1±0,11. Para establecer las características morfométricas se analizaron 21 medidas corporales, 4 caracteres de ubre, con el bastón zoométrico, cinta bovinométrica, calibrador, para determinar el peso se utilizó el método de Quetelet; además, 9 variables fanerópticas por observación directa. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del Paquete Estadístico SPSS®, versión 22, en el cual se analizaron frecuencias, estadígrafos principales, análisis de varianza y chi cuadrado. Para la determinación de los biotipos se aplicó clúster bietápico basado en el color de capa, altura a la cruz, perímetro torácico y peso. Se estableció que el ganado criollo tiene una representatividad del 4% en la zona de estudio. Dentro de este genotipo se establecieron 4 biotipos; Encerada (28%), Colorada (14%), Atigrada (9%) y Pintada (55%), con características morfoestructurales similares entre sí (P>0,05), como altura a la cruz entre 120,9±1,11 - 121,5±0,80cm, peso 334,2±11,13 - 356,0±23,33kg; perímetro torácico 163,39±1,79 - 168,33±3,43cm y perímetro de caña 16,0 ±0,34 - 17,2 ±0,67cm. Los biotipos Encerada y Pintada presentaron tendencia lechera (96,4%) con un perfil rectilíneo de 75,0% y 88,5% respectivamente y proporciones longilíneas, superiores al 92,9%, a diferencia de la Colorada (42,9%) y Atigrada (33,3%) con un perfil convexilineo y caracteres de producción mixta de 14,3% y 33,3% para cada uno de ellos. Se concluye que los biotipos criollos tienen tendencia productiva lechera y doble propósito y la única diferencia entre ellos es el color de capa.
Centrifugación coloidal como método de selección espermática previo a la crioconservación con glicerol en caninos
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía; Carpio Alemán, Fredy; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto
Background: The ejaculate of the dog has three fractions, the first and third containing prostatic fluid that is harmful to cryopreservation, and the second rich in sperm. Obtaining only the second fraction of the ejaculate is complicated; therefore, colloidal centrifugation was evaluated as a sperm selection method, plus the addition of glycerol in three concentrations 4, 6 and 8 % as cryoprotector. Methods: The study was conducted at the University of Cuenca-Ecuador, 72 seminal samples from 6 crossbreed dogs were evaluated. Each sample was divided into 2 aliquots, the first for Group 1 (conven-tional centrifugation) and the other Group 2 (colloidal centrifugation), once centrifuged each aliquot was sub-divided into three and 4, 6 and 8 % of glycerol were added. Three spermatic evaluations were carried out (initial, pre and post thawing). Results: The sperm concentration after centrifugation was similar between the initial sample (MI) and Group 1 (P > 0.05); in Group 2 less sperm was observed (P < 0.05). When assessing the progressive indi-vidual motility (MIP) pre freezing, it was observed that the sperm of the Group 1 reduced 30 % its motili-ty in relation to the sample MI and that of Group 2. Post thawing MIP within the groups with different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6, 8 %), which previously received centrifugation with Percoll (Group 2) presented statistical difference (P < 0.05). However, the HOS test gave similar percentages. Conclusions: It is concluded that colloidal centrifugation, prior to the freezing process, is a technique that allows greater selection and sperm purification
Colloidal centrifugation for dog sperm selection prior cryopreservation with glycerol.
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto
Background: Dog ejaculates are produced in three fractions: the first and third fractions contain prostatic fluid, which is harmful for cryopreservation. The second fraction is spermatozoa-rich. Collecting the second fraction of the ejaculate is complex; hence, colloidal centrifugation plus the addition of glycerol at three different concentrations (4, 6, and 8%) as cryoprotectant was evaluated as a method for sperm selection. Methods: In this study, 72 seminal samples from 6 crossbred dogs were evaluated at the University of Cuenca-Ecuador. Two aliquots were made from each sample, one for conventional centrifugation (Group 1), the other for colloidal centrifugation (Group 2). After centrifugation, each aliquot was subdivided into three parts, and 4, 6, and 8% glycerol were added, respectively. Three sperm evaluations were made (initial, pre-thawing, and post-thawing). Results: Sperm concentration was similar between the initial sample (IS) and Group 1 (P>0.05) after centrifugation, whereas fewer spermatozoa where observed in Group 2 (P <0.05). Evaluation of pre-thawing individual progressive motility (IPM) revealed that the spermatozoa in Group 1 underwent a 30% motility reduction in comparison to the IS and Group 2. Post-thawing IPM within the groups with different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6, and 8%) which underwent previous centrifugation with Percoll (Group 2), showed statistical differences (P <0.05). However, the HOS test produced similar percentages. Conclusions: Colloidal centrifugation prior freezing ensures better sperm selection and purification.
Competencia del ovocito bovino obtenido por ovum pick-up valorado mediante el azul brillante de cresilo
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Argudo Garzón, Daniel Ernesto; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bright blue cresyl (BCB) test as an indirect method to select competent oocytes for the in vitro production of embryos (IVP). The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained from two Creole heifers subjected to two treatments: T1 = COC recovered by OPU (ovum pick-up) previous stimulation with FSH-LH; T2 = COC recovered from non-stimulated animals (control).The two heifers were alternated in the two treatments and five repetitions were done. Recovered COCs were classified into types A, B, C and D. Then the BCB test was applied to each of the COC types to determine if they were BCB+ or BCB-. T1 allowed to recover 5.2 more COC than T2 (p<0.05). When applying the BCB test, it was determined that all type A oocytes of T1 and T2 were BCB+; that is, they finished their growth and were ready to start the process of in vitro maturation; however, about 50% of the type B, C and D COCs of T1 and T2 were BCB+. It is concluded that the selection of COC based on morphological characteristics is a reliable method only for type A and has a 50% error for COC type B, C and D and, therefore, the application of the BCB test allows to improve this selection non-invasively
Control of the emergence of the follicular wave by the application of oestradiol benzoate, GnRH and follicular ablation in the late metaoestrous in heifers in the high tropics
(2020) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Sarmiento Quito, Santiago Xavier; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
The response of the dominant follicle (DF), the profile of the FSH and estradiol and the onset of the follicular wave after the application of estradiol benzoate, GnRH, or follicular ablation in late metestrus were characterized in crossbred Holstein heifers, reared at 2500 meters above sea level and fed to grazing. Nine animals weighing 427.7±23.0 kg, body condition 2.7±0.1, age 26.7±1.4 months were used. Before the experiment, the heifers were synchronized and day 6 of the oestrous cycle was considered day zero (start of the experiment). There were three treatments: T1 = Oestradiol benzoate - BE (n=9), T2 = GnRH (n=9), T3 = Ablation (n=9). The evaluation of the DF was carried out by ultrasound every 24 hours, for 5 consecutive days. FSH and oestradiol levels were analysed every 5 days from day 0 by radioimmunoassay. The onset of the follicular wave and number of follicles recruited were determined retrospectively when assessing the daily ultrasound. The application of BE (T1) caused an initial growth of the DF, then it was maintained and finally went to atresia, the peak of FSH appeared at 48h (0.87±0.21 ng/ml) and the onset of the follicular wave was at 3.2±0.15 d post-treatment. In T2, 55.5% of the heifers ovulated in 24h and 44.5% between 24-48h, the peak of FSH was at 24h post-treatment and the onset of the wave in 2.4±0.18 d. The T3 heifers showed the FSH peak at 24h and wave restarted at 1.8±0.15 days. It is concluded that the application of BE in the heifers of the study favoured then an earlier restart of the follicular wave. Besides, the presence of corpus luteum and DF prior to the application of GnRH and ablation allows a more solid and homogeneous restart of the follicular wave.
Determinación de las características morfoestructurales del aparato reproductor de la cobaya en las cuatro fases del ciclo estral
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-07) Fernández Fernández, Lía Jazmín; Malo Jimbo, Lisseth Paulina; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro
The aim of this study was to determine the morpho-structural characteristics of the reproductive system in guinea pigs during the four phases of the estrous cycle. Twenty guinea pigs, aged between 4 and 5 months with an average weight of 1,085.5 ± 68.05 g, were used. They were synchronized for 15 days with oral progesterone for subsequent evaluation of reproductive structures, vaginal cytology, blood sampling, morphometric assessment of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries, follicle count, as well as the classification of COCs obtained at four different points in the estrous cycle. Additionally, progesterone levels were determined during the four phases. Cytology results showed that intermediate cells were more prevalent in proestrus, superficial cells predominated in estrus and diestrus, while basal cells predominated in diestrus. The viable COCs recovered via follicular aspiration during proestrus contained a higher number of oocytes. Uterine thickness, as observed via ultrasound, varied during estrus and diestrus, with increased hormonal levels leading to thicker, reddish uterine horns. In conclusion, the morpho-structural characteristics of the guinea pig reproductive system vary across the four phases of the estrous cycle. These variations correspond to the types of cells found in cytology and progesterone levels, which can be used to enhance and optimize reproduction and production in guinea pigs
Dinámica folicular de vaquillas criollas al pastoreo en el altiplano ecuatoriano
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
The aim was to characterize the behavior pattern of follicular dynamics in creoles heifer (CR) to grazing in the high mountains of Ecuador. It was carried out in the Irquis experimental farm at the University of Cuenca, in 2016. The average weight was 243.3±45.0kg. Body condition (CC) 2.5±0.4, scale 1-5 points. Age 19.9±4.8 months. Daily scans were performed during an estrous cycle. Every 48h the levels of Progesterone (P4) were determined. A pattern of two and three follicular waves was established (44.4 and 55.6% respectively). The average duration of the estrous cycle was 20.3±0.03 days (two waves) and 23.6±0.02 days (three waves). The size of the preovulatory follicle (FPO) was 15.3±0.04mm for two-wave animals and for those with three waves, 13.8±1.48mm. The subordinate follicle (FS) reached its maximum size on day 4.0±0.04, with 8.0±0.04mm (two waves) and 4.8±0.03 days with 7.4±0.03mm (three waves). The development of the corpus luteum (CL) presented three phases: growth (until day 6), static (6-18 days) and regression (>18 days). On day 12, the CL reached its largest size 21.7±1.45mm and 23.5±0.61mm for animals of two and three waves respectively. P4 reached levels above 1ng / ml from day 4 (5.8±3.35ng/ml two waves and 5.1±1.15ng / ml three waves). The levels of P4 during the estrous cycle were higher than those reported in other breed. In conclusion, Creole genotype heifers have their own characteristics, which are influenced by the pattern of follicular behavior (two or three waves)
Dinámica folicular de vaquillas Criollas, al pastoreo en la sierra ecuatoriana
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
El ganado bovino Criollo a nivel mundial está catalogado en peligro de extinción. En los últimos años este tipo de animales han sido reemplazados por ganado lechero especializado, sin considerar la rusticidad, adaptabilidad y resistencia a ciertas enfermedades, así como el desconocimiento de las características fisiológicas como la dinámica folicular, número de folículos reclutados por onda, concentraciones de hormonas esteroideas, entre otras; las cuales no han permitido la conservación y multiplicación de este material genético criollo, razón por lo cual el objetivo fue caracterizar el patrón de comportamiento de la dinámica folicular en vaquillas Criollas al pastoreo en la sierra Ecuatoriana. Se realizó en la granja experimental Irquis de la Universidad de Cuenca, a una altitud de 2650msnm durante el año 2016. Se evaluó el ciclo estral de 9 vaquillas Criollas con peso promedio de 243,3±45,0 kg; CC 2,5±0,4, escala 1-5 puntos y edad 19,9±4,8 meses. Se realizaron ecografías diarias durante un ciclo estral. Cada 48h se determinó los niveles de Progesterona (P4). Se estableció un patrón de dos y tres ondas foliculares (44,4 y 55,6% respectivamente). El promedio de duración del ciclo estral fue de 20,3±0,03 días (dos ondas) y de 23,6±0,02 días (tres ondas). El tamaño del folículo preovulatorio (FPO) fue de 15,3±0,04mm para animales de dos ondas y para las de tres ondas 13,8±1,48mm. El folículo subordinado (FS) alcanzó su máximo tamaño el día 4,0±0,04, con 8,0±0,04mm (dos ondas) y 4,8±0,03 días con 7,4±0,03mm (tres ondas). El desarrollo del cuerpo lúteo (CL) presentó tres fases: crecimiento (hasta el día 6), estática (6-18 días) y regresión (>18 días). En el día 12 el CL alcanzó su mayor tamaño 21,7±1,45mm y 23,5±0,61mm para animales de dos y tres ondas respectivamente. La P4 alcanzó niveles superiores a 1ng/ml a partir del día 4 (5,8±3,35ng/ml dos ondas y 5,1±1,15ng/ml tres ondas). Los niveles de P4 durante el ciclo estral fueron más altos que los reportados en razas diferentes. En conclusión, las vaquillas de genotipo Criollo poseen características propias, las cuales se ven influenciadas por el patrón de comportamiento folicular (dos o tres ondas).
Efecto de la capsaicina sobre la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en bovinos neonatos
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2025-10-21) Molina Domínguez, Antonelle Estefanía; Tacuri Chicaiza, Johanna Elizabeth; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro
The transfer of passive immunity (TPI) through the placenta does not occur in cattle. Because of this, providing high-quality colostrum or supplementing it with additives that support this transfer is essential. The research was carried out at the commercial farm Pecalpa, located in Victoria del Portete, Cuenca-Azuay. The study evaluated the effect of adding capsaicin (CAP) to colostrum on TPI in calves, through the assessment of physiological constants, immunoglobulin G (IgG), Total Proteins (TP), and Albumin (Alb). Additionally, the efficiency of refractometry was compared to the ELISA test as an indirect method for evaluating TPI. Eight calves were used, divided into two groups: Group 1, in which 33 mg/kg of body weight of CAP was added to the colostrum (CAP: n=4), and Group 2 (Control: n=4), which received colostrum only. The results found in blood serum showed that in Group 1, IgG increased significantly (19.8±1.27 g/L) compared to Group 2 (12.8±1.75 g/L); likewise, TP in Group 1 (9.66±0.57 g/dL) increased compared to Group 2 (7.83±0.19 g/dL). The °Brix value in Group 1 (13.98±1.00 °Brix) was higher than in Group 2 (11.85±0.34 °Brix; P<0.05) at 48 hours after birth. However, Alb levels in Group 1 (3.36±0.37 g/dL) and Group 2 (2.95±0.10 g/dL) at 48 hours showed no significant difference (P>0.05). These findings suggest that CAP is a beneficial additive for improving TPI in newborn calves, reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that refractometry is an effective method for field application, as it reliably determines serum IgG concentration in cattle with the same accuracy as the ELISA test.
Efecto de la extirpación de las espículas del pene de cuy (cavia porcellus) sobre el rendimiento a la canal en comparación con la castración química con alcohol yodado al 2%
(2018) Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Bravo Álvarez, María Ximena
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of the removal of the spicules of the penis of guinea pig and chemical castration on weight after 12-hour fast pre slaughter and carcass yield. 72 guinea pigs Type I between 35- 45 days of age were used, the same that were distributed in three treatments, T1 whole animals without castration, T2 animals removed spicules glans and T3 chemically castrated animals with iodized alcohol 2% intratesticular; removal and castration was performed in the fifth week of age. Live weight loss by fasting 12 hours pre slaughter, carcass yield relative to live weight at the end of the production process and post-fasting through design covariance initial weight was evaluated. The weight lost by fasting for 12 hours before slaughter showed no REDVET Rev. Electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet 2018 Volumen 19 Nº 4 - ¿http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n040418.html Efecto de la extirpación de las espículas del pene de cuy (Cavia porcellus) sobre el rendimiento a la canal en comparación con la castración química con alcohol yodado al 2% http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n040418/041805.pdf 2 significant difference (P≥0.05) between treatments being lower for T2 (108.62 g.); the carcass performance relative to body weight before and after fasting shows significant differences (P<0.05) in favor of T2 (70.82% and 76.23%). This is concluded that the removal of the spicules of the penis in guinea pigs improves performance at the carcass
Efecto de la grasa bypass sobre la reactivación ovárica postparto en vacas holstein friesian mestizas con condición corporal diferente
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Aguilar Campoverde, Nelson Adrian; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier
The effect of bypass fat on productive and reproductive parameters in crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with different body condition (CC) was the objective of the study. Four treatments were analyzed: T1 (n=10) CC> 3.5 without fat bypass; T2 (n=10) CC> 3.5 with bypass grease; T3 (n=10) CC <2.5 without fat bypass and T4 (n=10) CC <2.5 with bypass fat. The CC and weight were evaluated on the 25th day before, at delivery and postpartum until day 65. Milk production was determined during the first two months of lactation. Ovarian reactivation was assessed by ultrasonography once a week. The first postpartum estrus (1CPP), preovulatory follicle (FPO), corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone levels (P4) at day 7 were evaluated. The first delivery interval (IPPS) and the number of inseminations per pregnancy (IA/P). Uterine health (SU) was determined at day 35 postpartum. A mixed linear model was used for the statistical analysis using the MIXED procedure. The T1 cows lost more CC than the other treatments (P <0.05); however, T2, T3 and T4 presented no difference (P> 0.05). Animals that received fat bypass (T2 and T4) lost less weight (P <0.05) compared to T1 and T3. T2 cows produced more milk (P <0.05) than T1, T3 and T4 animals. T2 presented less polymorph nuclear (8.12%), compared to T1, T3 and T4 (P <0.05). The number of IA/P used in T2 was lower (1.69) than T1, T3 and T4 (2.9, 2.5 and 2.5 respectively) (P <0.05). The CPI was reduced to 73.6 days in T2 and its P4 levels were higher (6.06 ng/ml), determining differences with the other treatments. The addition of fat bypass in the basal diet of lactating cows improved the productive and reproductive parameters.
Espículas peneanas del cobayo (Cavia porcellus), influencia sobre el comportamiento sexual, fertilidad y calidad espermática
(2017) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Almeida, Andrés; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
This research took place in canton Cuenca, province of Azuay, Ecuador, located on UTM 717 386 x 967 5751, 2 714 meters above sea level, with a mean temperature of 14 °C . This study determined the influence of penis spic-ules on sexual behavior, fertility and sperm quality parameters in cavy (Cavia porcellus), raised on the Ecuadorian highlands. A number of 5 whole males (with penis spicules) were included in the study. Also, included were 5 males with their spicules removed, and 40 multiparous females, conformation type A, pelage type 1. The pregnancy per-centage of females that copulated with extirpated males decreased 65 % in relation to the control group (P < 0.05). However, the sexual behavior pattern and sperm quality of the two groups in the study were similar (P > 0.05). Therefore, the study concluded that extirpation of the penis spicule has effects on fertility, but not on sexual behavior and sperm quality.
Extirpación de las espículas del pene de cuy (Cavia porcellus) y su efecto sobre la ganancia de peso y agresividad
(2018) Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Gordillo Guambaña, Burgos Geovanny; Aucapiña Cuenca, Cristian Daniel; Marin Peñaranda, Angel Danilo
This research took place on the Irquis Farm, University of Cuenca, Victoria del Portete parish, Cuenca canton, province of Anzuay, Ecuador. This research studied the effects of penile spicule extirpation on weight gain and aggressiveness, ents: whole animals without castration, used as controls (T1); animals with extirpation of the gland´s spicules (T2); and chemically castrated animals, using 0.5 ml of 2 % alcohol with iodine, directly injected in each testicle (T3). A total of 90 animals were included, following a randomized block design with six treatments and five replicas. The diet consisted of forage mixture of 33-35 % dry matter, and a commercial feed supplement administered ad libitum. A covariance analysis (ANACOVA) was made, using the initial weight as co-variable. The final weight was significantly influenced by the treatment; the Tukey test resulted in greater final weight in T2, followed by T1. Their behavior was significantly different from T3 (P < 0.05). In relation to aggressiveness, expressed in carcass damage, no significant differences were observed, according to Chi square (P > 0.05).
Influencia de las espículas peneanas del cobayo sobre el comportamiento sexual, valoración espermática y fertilidad del macho
(2016) Almeida Herdoíza, Andrés Javier; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro
The study determined the influence of penile spicules on sexual behavior, fertility and sperm quality parameters in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). For this research 10 male guinea pigs five months old, average weight 988.3 ± 11.40 g were included. 40 females and four months old, average weight 815.3 ± 11.80 g, under the same conditions of supply and maintenance. Five randomly selected males were removed surgically penile spicules. A guinea pig without spicules and other normal were kept, as a replacement in case of death of an experimental unit and were excluded from the initial procedure. Three tests were performed: in the first were divided into two treatments; T1 =4 male guinea pigs with penile spicules + 20 females in separate cages, T2 = 4 male guinea pigs removed penile spicules + 20 females in separate cages. Sexual behavior by direct observation of the guinea pigs in each cage was analyzed for eight consecutive days. For the second test, the same treatments T1 and T2, remained for thirty days in breeding, for fertility evaluation. Finally in the last test sperm parameters were analyzed by means of surgical removal of the testes and epididymis dissection of the guinea pigs under study, for this test replacement guinea pigs were Included. A completely randomized experimental design was used in this project. Significance tests were, T-test, Shapiro Wilk test for homogeneity analysis of variance technique was used Levene and analysis of repeated measures was performed, all with SPSS for Windows version 22®, The parameters of sexual behavior, sniffing, biting and matings were similar (P>0.05), the average number of preening was higher in the group of boars in relation to extirpated group (P<0.05). The group of females that were mated for guinea pigs without intervention, became pregnant 65% more, compared with females that were covered by the males removed spicules (P<0.01). No significant difference in the analysis of seminal parameters studied males was found. Therefore it is concluded that the removal of the penile spicules influences fertility, but not in the sexual behavior and spermatic values
Prevalencia de mastitis subclínica en la región oriental de la provincia del Azuay, mediante la prueba California Mastitis Test
(2016) Rosario Calero, Kerly Karina; Pezantes Dominguez, Diana Carolina; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro
The objective of the research was to determine the prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis MSC, by California Mastitis Test CMT to 10.308 mammary quarters corresponding to 2.577 cows in production in 527 UPAs distributed in the Eastern region of the Province of Azuay. Gualaceo, Bread, Sígsig, Paute, Sevilla de Oro, Chordeleg, Oña, Guachapala and Nabón). The information was obtained from registries and surveys applied to farmer. The CMT results were analyzed as classified by Farinango, (2012); negative, mild (+), moderate ++ and abundant +++.The variables analyzed were: altitude, UPAs size, type Milking, System Grazing and Production Volume Hato / day. Statistical analysis included frequency tables and contingency, chi-square test at a significance level of 0,05. The prevalence of MSC in cattle farms studied was 40.7±1,8%, in assessing the total mammary quarters 20.8±0,8% prevalence was determined. The degree of reaction mild, moderate and abundant in mammary quarters not has statistical difference (P> 0.05). It was found significant difference P<0,05 in each of the variables, highlighting the following: Farms located in lower montane, UPAs big >30 animals, Bovines handled with electric fence, High producing cows > 14 liters / day, Milking twice / day and within the activities of milking, the MSC was greater when was realized washing 42.3% and drying of the udder 46.4%, evidencing the deficiencies in the process. Key words:
Prevalenciade cryptosporidium spp. y Giardia spp. en terneros, como contaminante de los recursos hídricos y su efecto en la población infantil en el cantón San Fernando
(2014) Palacios Ordóñez, Estuardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro
Enteric parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were studied with the purpose of determining their prevalence in calves, which contaminates the water catchment for human consumption and irrigation of San Fernando Canton, Azuay province. The methodology was based on an epidemiologic cross-section descriptive study. This study was carried out from September 2013 to April 2014. For studying the calves Ziehl Neelsen dye technique was used, which values the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in 91.70% whereas Ritchie’s technique finds 76.70% of Giardia spp. prevalence. For analysis of water, samples were taken in the catchment area. EPA 1623.1 method was used, the finding was 5 oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. x 100 ml, and 10 cysts of Giardia lamblia x 100 ml. Meanwhile, the prevalenceof Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia lamblia in children was performed in child population under 6 years old from the area of study that came to the Health Center of San Fernando Cantonwith some health problem from November 2013 to April 2014.We obtained 14.29% of positive infections for Cryptosporidium spp. and 33.33% for Giardia lamblia.An association test according to the origin of children does not evidence significant differences for Cryptosporidium spp. but it definitely does for Giardia lamblia.
Relación de la testosterona con el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas en cobayos enteros, extirpados las espículas y castrados
(ALPA, 2018) Loja González, María Magdalena; Illescas Solorzano, Johanna Alexandra; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
La investigación se desarrolló en Cuenca-Ecuador, coordenadas UTM 717.386 X 9675.751 Y. Altitud 3.100msnm, temperatura de 12-18°C, humedad del 75%. Se determinó la relación entre el patrón de comportamiento de los niveles de testosterona total (TT) y el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas (EP) en cobayos (Cavia porcellus) enteros, castrados y extirpados las espículas. Se utilizaron 75 cobayos de conformación tipo A y pelaje tipo 1. Edad 20 días, peso promedio 204,4g. Se conformó tres grupos experimentales (T1: cobayos enteros, n=25); (T2: cobayos extirpados las espículas peneanas, n=25) y (T3: cobayos castrados, n=25). La valoración de la TT y el desarrollo de las EP se realizó en 5 momentos diferentes (días: 20, 35, 50, 65 y 80). Los resultados fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics versión 22. Los cobayos durante los dos primeros muestreos (días: 20 y 35) mantuvieron las mismas condiciones fisiológicas, en el día 35 los animales de T2 fueron extirpado las espículas y los de T3 castrados. Los niveles de testosterona fueron determinados por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA) y la longitud de las espículas mediante el uso de una cámara de alta definición (Excelis AU-600-HD) montada sobre un microscopio con 100x, luego con la ayuda de un software (AmScope V.3.7) fueron realizadas las medidas. Se determinó que antes de la castración y la extirpación de espículas (día 35), los niveles de testosterona fueron de 0,8ng/ml (día 20); entre 1-1,4ng/ml (día 35), sin diferencia entre tratamientos; sin embargo, en el tercer muestreo (50d), cuarto (65d) y quinto (80d) los niveles de TT fueron similares entre los tratamientos T1 (enteros) y T2 (extirpados las espículas), no así, el tratamiento 3 (0,3ng/ml) quienes mostraron tres veces menos testosterona que T1 (2,8ng/ml) y T2 (1,8ng/ml). El desarrollo de EP de los cobayos de los tres tratamientos en las dos primeras valoraciones (día 20 y 35) fueron similares (P>0,05). Además, la EP derecha presenta mayor desarrollo que la izquierda, pero sin llegar a presentar diferencia estadística (P>0,05) entre sí. A partir del día 50 (tercera valoración) las EP en los cobayos de T1, presentan 2,5 veces mayor desarrollo (P<0,05) que los del tratamiento 3 (castrados). En conclusión, las Testosterona tiene una relación directa en el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas; sin embargo, si las EP son extirpadas en cobayos que mantienen testículos funcionales, los niveles de testosterona generados por las gónadas no son suficientes para producir regeneración de estas estructuras.
Relación del número de partos, edad y la morfoestructura del genotipo Holstein en la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Pesántez Carmona, José Luis; Pesántez Campoverde, Manuel Teodoro; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Ayala Rodríguez, Lorena Estefania; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Vanegas Cabrera, Raúl Alejandro; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago