Browsing by Author "Rivera Ullauri, María José"

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Condiciones de trabajo de inmigrantes venezolanos autoempleados en la zona urbana de Cuenca
(2019-06-18) Pesántez Vera, Juan Diego; Zúñiga Alava, Pamela Ivonne; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Social psychology is a discipline that seeks to understand the nature and causes of human behavior or behavior, in various social situations, as in the case of the phenomenon of immigration. The objective of this research was to explore the working conditions of self-employed Venezuelan immigrants in the urban area of Cuenca. For which a quantitative approach of transversal exploratory nature was used; the information was obtained through the application of a survey that explored the labor history, characteristics of self-employment or entrepreneurship, access to credit and access to education in Cuenca. The participatory observation technique was used in a complementary manner. Participants were 30 Venezuelan self-employed immigrants identified in the urban area of Cuenca, El Batán parish, aged 18 years and older. The main findings show that most men are the heads of the household and that their immigrant status leads them to become self-employed for subsistence, it was also found that their ventures or businesses have no relation to their experience or academic training. Another relevant result is that, for the most part, the participants work an excessive number of hours and with a lower economic income, among other inadequate working conditions such as lack of access to social security and productive credit.
Construcción del tejido social por parte de la fundación Haciendo Panas en la ciudad de Cuenca, durante el periodo 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-01-03) Acurio Vintimilla, Juan David; Parra Rivadeneira, Kevin Paul; Rivera Ullauri, María José
There is information on the conditions faced by people who migrate to other countries and who must build a new social structure that allows them to improve their quality of life in the country of destination. Faced with this situation, the Venezuelan diaspora in the city of Cuenca has created organizations and foundations that generate a social fabric for the migrant population. However, there is a gap in knowledge about how organizations have managed to build social structure and what are the motivations to create an organization to help people in a human mobility situation. Consequently, the general objective of the research was to understand how the ‘Fundación Haciendo Panas’ promotes the generation of social fabric in the city of Cuenca for Venezuelan migrants in 2021. The type of study of the research was exploratory and had a qualitative approach to explore the problem from the perspectives and experiences of the board members and users of ‘Fundación Haciendo Panas’. The main method used was life story. The life story was built through interviews that allowed to gather as much information as possible, from the perspective of the members of the board and the beneficiaries of the projects. The results obtained reflected that the ‘Fundación Haciendo Panas’ promotes the construction of a social web through the creation of projects.
El crédito para emprendimientos a las personas colombianas en situación de refugio en la ciudad de Cuenca
(2018) Vélez, Ruth Esneda; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Former researchers highlight the frequently of rights violations for refugee people. These people experience many changes under their condition, including the ones related to work activities. In their destination places, some of them take the option for generating entrepreneurships, needing for them money, and in the case of most refugees that arrive to Cuenca, they do not have many of times that money, that’s the reason why a loan may be a viable alternative, but they have found some difficulties in the access. According to laws, refugees have the same right as locals, but even that, there is no complete fulfillment. This study analyzes the credit access for investment on entrepreneurship that Colombian refugee people have in Cuenca, contrasting laws and the internal practices of the credit institutions. This research uses quantitative and qualitative information collected by the VLIR Project – Migration and Local Development of University of Cuenca and by the authors. The results show the inclusion role that the credit access for entrepreneurships have, the varied requirements level that the refugee people face and the limitations that implies having the documentation that they receive as refugees in Ecuador.
Estrategias de aculturación de inmigrantes venezolanos residentes en la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-28) Muñoz Molina, Jennyfer Paola; Ortega Ormaza, Fabiola Carolina; Rivera Ullauri, María José
In recent years, the migration flow of Venezuelan people has increased due to the economic and political crisis experienced by this country since 2013. Thus, the entry of Venezuelan immigrants has been assimilated as a problem in the country of destination, mainly due to inconsistencies and inefficiency in human mobility legislation, in addition to the construction of negative images based on stereotypes disseminated by the media, impacting on migrant-local interactions. The purpose of this research was to learn about the management of acculturation strategies of Venezuelan immigrants residing in the city of Cuenca. Consequently, the context of the study was the Cuenca canton of the Azuay province, and a qualitative approach with exploratory scope and cross-sectional design was used. The study involved 12 regular Venezuelan immigrants residing in the urban area of the city of Cuenca for a period of more than 1 year, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied. The main findings of the research were that the participants use assimilationist and bicultural strategies of acculturation to a greater extent, which respond to the conditions of the social context of Cuenca and direct interaction with the locals. On the other hand, the changes that immigrants experience due to the migration process are evident in the labor, economic, social and family spheres. Cultural differences, informal language or jargon and the processes for regularization represent challenges wich Venezuelan immigrants face in the new context. Finally, the set of social networks, both transnational and local, represent a source of economic and emotional support, while they act like channels of information, which facilitates the process of adjustment and adaptation to the city of Cuenca.
Factores psicosociales que influyen en los emprendimientos de personas inmigrantes en Cuenca
(2018) Loja Lojano, Jonnathan David; Nugra Nugra, Verónica Gabriela; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Immigrant’s entrepreneurship is a social and economic phenomenon, which has been a source of controversy in the host countries, many studies have been conducted in several parts of the world, but in the Cuenca, there are very few studies about this topic. The aim of this research is to explore the psychosocial factors that influence immigrant’s entrepreneurship in Cuenca. Exploratory study, when the information was mainly collected through interviews and focus-groups, completed with the review of socio-economic data of the Social Work department, databases of Casa del Migrante and the application of institutional sociograms. The participants were 18 Colombian, Venezuelan and Haitian immigrants, aged between 18 and 65 years old, who are part of one of the projects of enterprises of the Entrepreneurship Program of Casa of Migrante (Municipality of Cuenca). The main findings show that the motivations for entrepreneurship are related to the motivations to leave their native country, which in the case of the study group, are motivations of subsistence or necessity (push). However, the business ideas of immigrants convert their pull motivations into pull motivation, because they intend to help other immigrants and local inhabitants with jobs. On the other hand, Cuenca’s context hinders the development of immigrants’ entrepreneurship, mainly due to contextual (institutional support), legal (obtaining legal documents) and cultural factors (discrimination at work). On the contrary, the factors that make it possible for an immigrant to undertake are the skills and experiences that have been enhanced by the confidence of their own abilities, the development of a business plan and the creation of new networks of work.
Filosofía andina: alcances epistemológicos del principio de orden primigenio
(2013) Rivera Ullauri, María José; Cárdenas Espinoza, Cristóbal Edmundo
Inmigrantes venezolanos en Cuenca: percepción de habitantes cuencanos de la parroquia San Blas
(2019-05-28) Alvarez Guerrero, Carla Nataly; Tenesaca Arpi, Byron Edisson; Rivera Ullauri, María José
The increase of Venezuelan immigrants in the city of Cuenca has exacerbated stereotypes and certain positions before this population. The objective of this research was to know the perception that the inhabitants cuencanos in the parish of San Blas on Venezuelan immigrants. We used a qualitative approach with exploratory scope and design of transverse type. Working with cuencanos inhabitants belonging to the parish, with the application of semi-structured interviews. The main results of the research were that the perception that the inhabitants of the parish of San Blas have on the Venezuelan immigration is related to the first experience in contact with this population. With regard to the beliefs of the cuencanos, it was found that tend to create concepts about characteristics of the people and based on this, it generates a better treatment of persons entering from the US and Europe since there is a belief that their presence is more positive than Venezuelan immigrants by the fact that the country they come from. It is recommended that a more in-depth research on the topic and thus generates a reflective and propositive on social inclusion of immigrants in the Ecuadorian context.
Percepción de calidad de vida en personas privadas de libertad originarias de la región austral ecuatoriana y en situación de movilidad internos en el Centro de Privación de Libertad - Turi, durante el período septiembre 2019 - enero 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-05-27) Criollo Cabrera, Karla Verónica; Gonzales Lluy, Talía Gabriela; Rivera Ullauri, María José
The purpose of this research is to describe perceptions of Quality of Life of people deprived of liberty originating in the Southern region and people in mobility in the Detention Centre of Freedom of Turi, based on their personal characteristics, environment and social relationships. The study was carried out with a cross-sectional design of descriptive scope and involved 127 people deprived of liberty, 81 from the southern region and 46 people in mobility, whose ages ranged from 20 to 68 years old. For data collection, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire was used in its short Spanish version (WHOQOL-BREF), which consists of 26 questions on Likert's scale, which aim is to be conscious of the life quality received by the subject in order to create an accurate allowing us to give a score of the areas defined by the WhoQol Group (1995). The results obtained indicate that there is a significant percentage of perception of Quality of Life within the middle range, while among the domains with lower scores such as environment and psychological health; and the best score is for social relations. In addition, it was possible to determine that while the time in which people are deprived of liberty may occur handling of answers to obtain better life quality while their sentence. In relation to the results obtained it was concluded that there is a possibility that the space and conditions one is living in the CPL-Turi during the sentencing time will be normalized. In addition, the process of integration to a new social group within the Centre provide of relevant support to meet different needs.
Percepción de inmigrantes colombianos y nativos cuencanos sobre la calidad de vida en Cuenca
(2018) Gamboa Álvarez, Verónica Katerine; Páez Cárdenas, Juan Diego; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Contemporary social psychology challenges the traditional scientific behavior of defining and delimiting the problems that individuals and society faces from a neutral and academic perspective. In this framework, the research on Perception of Colombian immigrants and native Cuencans about the quality of life in Cuenca and how its dimensions are prioritized and satisfied, based on the idea of that each group’s unique contexts and experiences might generate –or not– differences that, because of the standardization in the researches, practice and intervention may be ignored. This research is of quantitative fashion and descriptive scope, and was raised by conducting a survey composed of 46 items divided into 3 sections that collect social-demographic data, dimension’s priority information and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which scores the perception of quality of life. The participants were selected among people living on the city for period longer than 6 months. The Colombian population was obtained from those who attended meeting points such as cafeterias and Colombian business in Cuenca and also since a database that belongs to the Project VLIR International Migration and local development of the University of Cuenca, getting a total number of 17 Colombians, while the Cuenca population reaches the 43 people who also attended strategic meeting points on the same period. One of the main results is that the quality of life score obtained from the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is high for both groups, which is consistent with the initial assessment that individuals make of their quality of life in the first question, while at the level of prioritization, physical wellbeing is the dimension considered to be the most important for the two groups, exist differences on the prioritize of aspects like those who makes up the environmental ambit, to the Cuencan group the neighborhood security is the less important aspect while for the Colombians the less important are the environmental relationships. Another thing to note is that although the highest percentage of the Colombian group receives a salary below the minimum, their positive perception of quality of life results on high levels even on greater percentage than the Cuenca citizens whose salary in more than 60% exceeds 375$
Percepción de las representantes barriales de la parroquia Sinincay sobre la participación ciudadana de la mujer rural, durante el período 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-16) Quito Asadobay, Briggithe Carolina; Tayo Corte, Johanna Maribel; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Women are heirs to a process of historical change in the quest to end the social inequalities that they have experienced for centuries. Gender inequality cuts across each one of the areas of women's lives. In this study, the attention is around the political sphere in which women are still joining efforts to take spaces in public life. Therefore, this investigative work seeks to investigate the involvement of rural women about citizen participation from the perceptions of the neighborhood representatives of the Sinincay, Cuenca-Ecuador parish, during the period 2021. At the same time, the study explores the exercise of neighborhood representativeness of the rural women and identifies the gender stereotypes demonstratios immersed in the instances of citizen participation of the parish. The research was qualitative and descriptive, with the participation of eight women, to whom a semi-structured interview was applied to collect the different perceptions and experiences in their neighborhood citizen representation process. The results are that the involvement of rural women in the instances of citizen participation is shown in both, an active and passive way. This situation corresponds to several factors, while one of them is the presence of gender stereotypes that promote inequalities between men and women as a result of cultural patterns. It can be concluded that the neighborhood representation is a citizen participation space constituted by and for the inhabitants who look for local development. Nonetheless, despite the various difficulties which limit participation and representation, rural women have developed new ways of addressing this problem and promoting participation in their communities.
Percepción de migrantes venezolanos y profesionales del área de Movilidad Humana sobre el derecho al trabajo. Cuenca 2019-2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-09-30) Buri Sanango, Erika Yessenia; Rivera Ullauri, María José
The purpose of this research was to learn about the perceptions of Venezuelan migrants and professionals of the public and private sector, regarding the fulfillment of the right to work of Venezuelan migrants in Cuenca, who for several reasons, either political, economic or social nature, were forced to leave their country of origin to seek new opportunities in Ecuador. This is a qualitative study with an exploratory design; an approach was done to the Venezuelan population residing in Cuenca and a semi-structured interview was used to collect information on perceptions about compliance with the Right to work itself that allowed to know the experiences related to this right. In the same way, semi-structured interviews were carried out with professionals in human mobility of the public sector and NGOs, to identify their perceptions and the actions that are being carried out to fulfill the right to work of Venezuelan migrants. The results were organized based on categories that are analyzed based on the responses of both the migrant group and the professionals. The research shows, from the narrative of the actors involved, what is their perception of the reality about the fulfillment of the right to work, and what are the actions of both public and private institutions to guarantee the immigrants right to work
Re-estructuración familiar en los hogares de migrantes del cantón El Pan
(2019-05-29) Cajamarca Castro, Mónica Priscila; Escandón Guachichullca, María José; Rivera Ullauri, María José
Migration is a complex phenomenon that involves causalities and macroeconomic effects, but as well is a transformative process with profound implications at the family level. The objective of this investigation was to explore the processes of family restructuring in the homes of migrants from the canton El Pan of the province of Azuay. For this purpose, a qualitative approach was used, cross-sectional and exploratory-descriptive approach, using the case study, which It was applied in three migrant families, during the months of September 2018 to January 2019. Participant observation, in-depth interview and photobiography were used as information gathering techniques. The main results were that the family faces changes after migration (morphogenesis), but at the same time look for ways to adapt to the new situation ( homeostasis), through the use of transnational strategies as the sending of monetary and social remittances, as well as the use of communication channels which leads the family to generate a re-structuring process, that makes it easier for the emotional ties are maintained and that the migrant feel like part of the family nucleus in spite of the distance. It is considered that research on the migration process in rural areas should be deepened, taking into account that it is an environment with different ways of perceiving and living this phenomenon.
Remesas y su influencia en el bienestar de las familias de migrantes
(2018) Albarracín Bueno, Lourdes Ximena; Perguachi Castro, Ruth Alexandra; Rivera Ullauri, María José
The objective of this research was to identify the use of remittances and their impact on the well-being of migrant families. Based on a transnational approach, the analysis units consisted of 128 families receiving monetary and social remittances from the parish of Sayausí, which belongs to the canton of Cuenca. It was decided to carry out the study in this parish because according to the revised bibliography, the main reason to migrate is due to labor issues. For the information gathering process, an adaptation of the Mecanismo de Monitoreo del Impacto Migratorio questionnaire was used, which was used in the study carried out by the VLIR Migration and Development Project of the University of Cuenca. Additionally, a focus group was applied, whose participants were sons and daughters of migrant parents. The results obtained show that the remittances sent by the migrants are used by their families for their support, mainly for food, education and access to health services and that they had a positive effect on the wellbeing of the families. This well-being increases when the material or symbolic transfer reflects an intentional and non-obligatory effort of the senders, this transfer may include material, emotional and, above all, relational elements. Moreover, in the study it was found that the use of new technologies becomes one of the transnational practices most used by families to maintain and preserve affective links in the distance. Remittances acquire a character not only monetary but also social since meanings are given to the, meanings that go from the affective presence of the migrant, to the commitment and responsibility that they achieve with their family after the event of migration.
Vivencias emocionales en adolescentes hijos de padres migrantes del Cantón Cañar
(2018) Quille Riofrio, David Gustavo; Araujo Jarro, Lilia Aracely; Rivera Ullauri, María José
The objective of this research was to explore the emotional experiences experienced by adolescent children of migrant parents in Canton Cañar; This context has been focused on considering the high percentage of migration presented within the Canton, and the social problems inherent in migration. An exploratory-type approach was proposed whose unit of analysis was the students of the San Rafael Educational Unit of the Honorato Vásquez del Cañón Canton, the group was constituted based on the inclusion criteria of being children of migrant parents. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, applied to eleven participants, who declared having one or both parents living abroad. The results showed that the emotional responses in adolescents are varied, however, feelings of sadness prevail, as well as determining that those who have a positive vision of the migratory need, face the problem in a better way than those who have a negative perspective. the migration of one or both of the father figures. The results obtained help us to know what are the positive or negative emotional experiences in adolescents under these conditions.
What money can-t buy: educational aspirations and international migration in Ecuador
(2020) Arias Medina, William Paúl; Rivera Ullauri, María José
This article studies how educational aspirations of children are shaped in Biblián, Ecuador, a traditional sending country. Data sources were a multi-level survey and semi-structured interviews that were analysed using logistic regression and thematic analysis, respectively. Several theoretical relationships are confirmed: the household socioeconomic status, caregiver-s educational aspirations and age are the most important variables that predict the educational aspirations of children. Child migratory dreams and the absence of the father or the mother only predict the educational aspiration of getting a high school degree, but do not predict the aspiration of a graduate degree. Thematic analysis suggests that, besides seeing education as a means to have higher incomes, mothers perceive it as a sign of social status and assign it an intrinsic value.