Browsing by Author "Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny"

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Cohort analysis of labor participation and sectorial composition of employment in Ecuador
(2022) Guzmán Espinoza, Wilson Alejandro
The study assesses the contribution of cohort, age and business cycle effects to the evolution of labor participation rate and sectoral employment in Ecuador from 2000 to 2019. Being characterized by a large amount of informality, as well as by significant economic and institutional changes, Ecuador could provide new insights to the literature. The empirical analysis reveals that both female and male labor participation rate decreases for the younger generations. The life cycle profiles for sectoral employment show that formal employment rate has an inverted U-shaped form. In contrast, younger workers are found to be more likely to participate in the informal salaried sector, while self-employment notably increases with age. A sustained growth in formal employment rate is observed for the new generations, while the opposite occurs for the informal salaried and self-employment. Finally, the results suggest that female labor participation is strongly countercyclical, which correspond to the added worker effect hypothesis.
Cohort Analysis of labor participation and sectorial composition of employment in Ecuador
(2022) Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny; Raileanu Szeles, Monica; Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Guzmán Espinoza, Wilson Alejandro
The study assesses the contribution of cohort, age and business cycle effects to the evolution of labor participation rate and sectoral employment in Ecuador from 2000 to 2019. Being characterized by a large amount of informality, as well as by significant economic and institutional changes, Ecuador could provide new insights to the literature. The empirical analysis reveals that both female and male labor participation rate decreases for the younger generations. The life cycle profiles for sectoral employment show that formal employment rate has an inverted U-shaped form. In contrast, younger workers are found to be more likely to participate in the informal salaried sector, while self-employment notably increases with age. A sustained growth in formal employment rate is observed for the new generations, while the opposite occurs for the informal salaried and self-employment. Finally, the results suggest that female labor participation is strongly countercyclical, which correspond to the added worker effect hypothesis.
Corporate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: An approximation based on business data from Ecuador
(2024) Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Reino Chérrez, Fabiola Susana; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián
This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic reactivation carried out in Ecuador in 2021 on the corporate performance of Ecuadorian companies; in this country, most of the business fabric is made up of micro and small companies, which is why it could provide new insights to the literature. The empirical analysis is based on the DID impact evaluation methodology from a company database obtained from the financial statements of the Superintendency of Companies of Ecuador. The results reveal that there is great heterogeneity in the corporate impact of the pandemic and that the affected ones were mainly micro and small companies; additionally, they indicate that the negative effects of the pandemic on financial performance extended into 2021, thus signaling a weak economic recovery. These results are key for designing policies aimed at economic reactivation in the business segments and industries most impacted by the pandemic
Evolución de la recaudación tributaria y su relación con el ciclo económico bajo el cambio de regímenes de Markov
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-07) Baculima Cuesta, Patricio Miguel; Galarza Molina, Erick Bolívar; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
Tax collection depends on the level of economic activity; in turn, booms and busts in output can cause asymmetric impacts on tax collection. This research focuses on analyzing the relationship between GDP and the collection of representative taxes in the Ecuadorian economy during the period 2000-2023, using the Markov – Switching methodology that generates models that consider stochastic changes in the series, obtaining information on the regimes of the business cycles and their probabilities of state changes as a consequence of external shocks. The results obtained show expansion and recession states for the four taxes. Specifically, for the collection of income tax, a more recurrent and robust deceleration regime is found, being a highly persistent state, with the collection of the direct tax falling constantly in its business cycle. In the case of indirect taxes (VAT, ICE, IA), the growth state varies in magnitude but exhibits a pattern of persistence and longer duration in relation to the recession state, which would indicate that the collection of these taxes would increase in a sustained manner over time, with few possibilities of transition. The application of the methodology and the calculation of transition probabilities allows contributing with elements that reduce fiscal uncertainty and improve the quantitative analysis of the tax system.
La dimensión espacial de la pobreza por necesidades básicas insatisfechas en Ecuador. Un análisis para los años 2001, 2010 y 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-18) Salazar Zari, Andrés Sebastián; Sanchez Guamán, Alex Fernando; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
This paper analyses the spatial distribution of poverty in Ecuador during the period 2001-2022 using spatial econometric techniques. A notable, though insufficient, decrease in poverty measured by Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) was found by 2022, with widespread persistence of deficiencies in terms of economic capacity and access to basic services. On the other hand, significant regional inequalities remain, with a high concentration of poverty in the coastal and Amazonian regions, while some areas of the Sierra experienced more sustained improvements. Poverty clustering was strengthened, with an increase in high poverty clusters and the consolidation of low poverty clusters in certain regions. This geographic pattern of poverty is supported by a significant increase in spatial autocorrelation by 2022. The explanatory factors of poverty showed that education was crucial for its reduction, although with indirect effects that increase poverty in neighbouring regions. Furthermore, the productive structure showed that the concentration of work in the primary and secondary sectors contributed to the increase in poverty, while the tertiary sector favoured its reduction. Labour informality was linked to a mitigation of local poverty, although there is evidence that its negative effects spread to neighbouring regions. These findings underline the spatial heterogeneity of poverty in Ecuador, and therefore, the need to implement targeted policies based on the characteristics of the territory in order to reduce regional deficiencies in the country.
Labour Force Participation and Sectoral Dynamics Over The Business Cycle: Regional Evidence For Ecuador
(2024) Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
Ecuador is a developing country characterised by a high degree of informality and has undergonesignificant economic transformations that have had an impact on the labour market. Despite thenational trend of a slight decline in labour force participation, there are notable differences indevelopment across the country, making it an interesting case study. This article examines thedeterminants of regional differences in labour force participation and the sectoral structure ofemployment. Using a regional panel data analysis, it identifies the cyclicality of labour forceparticipation, formal and informal wage employment and self-employment for both sexes. Theresults of the decomposition highlight the significant influence of education, household conditions,age distribution and regional factors on regional labour force participation and employmentcomposition. The results show that labour force participation has undergone significant changesover time and exhibits strong counter-cyclical behaviour. The analysis shows that formalemployment is procyclical, while informal wage employment shows countercyclical fluctuations.Moreover, self-employment does not seem to be affected by the business cycle, except in recentyears. Finally, it is concluded that women's participation in the labour force is more related topolicies affecting the educational level of the population than to business cycle factors.
Manual de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad en las MiPyMEs textiles en el Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023) Merchán Piedra, Daniel Felipe; Sucozhañay Calle, Dolores Catalina; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny; Sigüenza Guzmán, Lorena Catalina; Sigcha Quezada, Erik Alejandro; Vásquez Salinas, Bernarda Michelle; Vanegas Peña, Paúl Fernando; Reino Chérrez, Fabiola Susana
Midiendo la calidad del empleo: una aplicación para Ecuador en el periodo de 2007 a 2017
(2020) Orellana Bravo, Mercy Raquel; Rivera Bautista, Carlos Julio; Beltrán Romero, Pablo Aníbal; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
The document investigates the evolution of the quality of employment in Ecuador in the years 2007-2017. Due to the multidimensional nature of job quality, three types of composite indicators are constructed. First, a composite index is constructed with two types of dimension weights; one that weights each dimension in the same way, and another that gives greater weight to the remuneration dimension. Second, recognizing that each labor market has particularities and that the weighting of the dimensions that represent the quality of employment is not the same for each country, a Polychoric Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied. Additionally, the employment quality indicator is calculated for different sectors of economic activity. The results indicate that there is an improvement in the employment quality indicator in 2017 in relation to the level observed in 2007, what mainly responds to the higher levels of job stability and social security coverage that workers experienced during the study period. However, the percentage of people with job insecurity is still quite significant, in the same way that there are marked differences in the level of quality of employment between the different sectors of economic activity considered in the study. The services sectors present the best indicator, while the agriculture, livestock and fishing, and construction sectors register the worst indicator.
Pobreza laboral a lo largo del ciclo económico, ciclo de vida y generaciones: evidencia para Ecuador periodo 2007-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-24) Saca Buele, Gabriela Estefanía; Tigre Sari, David Andrés; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
This study examines the influence of age, cohort, and economic cycle effects on the evolution of the in-work poverty rate in Ecuador from 2007 to 2022. Empirical results show that the in-work poverty rate without transfers (TPLST) exceeds the in-work poverty rate with transfers (TPLCT) by an average of 5.35 percentage points. The life cycle effect reveals a decreasing trend in in-work poverty, with an increase in middle and old age. The study also finds that the cohort effect is declining for newer generations, indicating lower in-work poverty levels than those of previous generations at the same age. Additionally, the results confirm the countercyclical nature of in-work poverty, as evidenced by a negative relationship between the period effect and the cyclical component of GDP. On average, structural disparities persist, mainly affecting informal workers, employees with low educational attainment, rural residents, and agricultural workers. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the labor market through policies that promote employment stability, job formalization, gender equity, and labor inclusion as key strategies to reduce in-work poverty.
El sistema cooperativo de ahorro y crédito y su relación con el desempeño económico en el Ecuador. Un análisis a nivel sectorial y empresarial
(2015) Merchán Huanga, José Luis; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny; Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo
This study aims to measure the relationship between the credit activity developed by savings and credit cooperatives and economic performance in Ecuador, from two perspectives: tosectoral and entrepreneurial level. The sectoral analysis is carried outusing annual data of 11 productive sectors for the period 2007-2014, through a panel data model. On the other hand, enterprise-level analysisis carried out through the impact evaluation methodology based on Propensity Score Matching, using information provided by the Survey of Living Conditions - Fifth Round for the period 2005-2006. The main results show a positive but not significant relationship between the expansion of credit activity of the savings and credit cooperativesand the economic performance at the sectoral level; while the entrepreneurial level analysis reveals a significant andpositive impact of credit granted by the savings and credit cooperativeson sales revenue of the beneficiary enterprises.