Browsing by Author "Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana"

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Aislamiento, determinación y frecuencia del estreptococo mutans en caries dental inicial y avanzada
(1998) Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Espinosa Alvarado, Fernando Darío; Domínguez Banegas, Norma Soledad; Chumi Terán, Raúl Edison; Calvo Jerves, Susana; Paredes, Gloria
Aislamiento, determinación y frecuencia del estreptococo mutans en caries dentales
(1998) Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Espinosa Alvarado, Fernando Darío; Domínguez B., Norma; Chumi T., Raúl; Calvo Jerves, Susana
Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among under-screened women in Cuenca, Ecuador: the perspectives of women and health professionals
(2022) Neira Molina, Vivian Alejandra; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José; Andrade Galarza, Andrés Fernando; Guerra Astudillo, Gabriela; Ortiz Mejía, José Stalin; Flores Salinas, María Antonieta; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Verhoeven, Veronique; Gama, Ana; Dias, Sonia; Verberckmoes, Bo; Vermandere, Heleen; Michelsen, Kristien; Degomme, Olivier
Background: Cervical cancer screening is a cost-effective method responsible for reducing cervical cancer-related mortality by 70% in countries that have achieved high coverage through nationwide screening strategies. However, there are disparities in access to screening. In Ecuador, although cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women, only 58.4% of women of reproductive age have ever been screened for cervical cancer. Methodology: A qualitative study was performed to understand the current barriers to screening and to identify strategies that could increase uptake in Azuay province, Ecuador. Seven focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with under-screened women and health professionals (HPs). The FGDs were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was done using the socio-ecological framework to categorize and analyse the data. Results: Overall, 28 women and 27 HPs participated in the study. The two groups perceived different barriers to cervical cancer screening. The HPs considered barriers to be mainly at the policy level (lack of a structured screening plan; lack of health promotion) and the individual level (lack of risk perception; personal beliefs). The women identified barriers mainly at organizational level, such as long waiting times, lack of access to health centres, and inadequate patient–physician communication. Both groups mentioned facilitators at policy level, such as national campaigns promoting cervical cancer screening, and at community and individual level, including health literacy and women’s empowerment. Conclusions: The women considered access to health services the main barrier to screening, while the HPs identified a lack of investment in screening programmes and cultural patterns at the community level as major obstacles. To take an integrated approach to cervical cancer prevention, the perspectives of both groups should be taken into account. Additionally, new strategies and technologies, such as self-administered human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and community participation, should be implemented to increase access to cervical cancer screening
Cistatina C como biomarcador de diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal crónica en pacientes diabéticos: una revisión de literatura
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-08) Barros Gutiérrez, María Emilia; Ramón Coello, Zully Karina; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
Chronic kidney disease is a condition caused by kidney damage, leading to a loss of the ability to properly filter and eliminate elements of waste. This can mainly occur due to chronic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus in which early diagnosis is crucial for proper management of the disease. The purpose of this thesis is to do a literature review by searching various digital databases regarding the use of cystatin C as a diagnostic biomarker for renal insufficiency in diabetic patients over the last 12 years. The selected studies consist of using populations with type II diabetes and stages of acute or chronic kidney insufficiency. Common markers like creatinine, urea, and albumin were measured and compared with cystatin C values. Glomerular filtration rate was also used to identify the stage of kidney disease. The results showed that patients with type II diabetes and lower glomerular filtration rate have higher concentrations of cystatin C. Sensitivity and specificity of cystatin C were evaluated in comparison with other biomarkers such as creatinine and investigational proteins, and cystatin C demonstrated favorable results, making it a useful tool for early diagnosis of renal insufficiency in diabetic patients. The main conclusions indicate that cystatin C is a valuable and accurate biomarker for early diagnosis of renal insufficiency in diabetic patients, enabling timely treatment and improving patients' quality of life.
Conocimiento y prácticas de prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres con lesiones histopatológicas. Cuenca, Ecuador 2021
(2021) Ortiz Mejía, José Stalin; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Guerra Astudillo, Gabriela Mireya; Pérez Paredes, Verónica Andrea; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José; Neira Molina, Vivian Alejandra; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
Knowledge and practices are essential to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health, and cope with diseases in general and cervical cancer in particular. The objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristicsand prevention practices in women with histopathological lesions of the cervix, for which 174 female patients,between 30 and 89 years of age,were interviewed at the SOLCA and Vicente Corral hospitals in the city of Cuenca. The results show that the participants, mostlyliving in urban and marginal urban areas, married, with primary and secondary education, with economic difficulties and mestizo self-identification, more frequently presented histopathological lesions of the LIEAG, LIEBG and Cancer type. Although they have information about HPV, very few know that it is the main cause of CCU, that it is transmitted sexually, that there are vaccines and early detection tests. Among the facilitating factorsto carry out the Pap smearare:the follow-up visit, medical recommendation, own initiative and recommendation of a friend or relative; while personal factors, problems in the health service, economicand familydifficulties, constitute the main barriers.
Identificación de la presencia de ácido(s) aristolóquico(s) en la planta Zaragoza de los cantones Sucúa y Macas, provincia de Morona Santiago
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-02) Carchipulla Llivichuzhca, Hernán Aníbal; Orellana Ordoñez, Luisa Maribel; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
Traditional Ecuadorian medicine has used plants of the genus Aristolochia spp., known locally as "Zaragoza," for their therapeutic properties for generations. However, studies warn of the presence of aristolochic acids (AA-I and AA-II), nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compounds in these plants, which pose a health risk. This study qualitatively determined the presence of these compounds in leaf, stem, and bark samples from Zaragoza plants collected in the cantons of Sucúa and Macas, Morona Santiago province, using traditional extraction techniques (infusion and decoction) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The results show Rf values of 0.5–0.6 for AA-I and 0.4–0.5 for AA-II, with a blue green color under UV light at 366 nm, confirming their presence in 14 of 18 samples by decoction and 9 of 18 by infusion. The results indicated that the decoction was more effective than the infusion for AA extraction, likely due to the prolonged heating, which may have facilitated the release of these compounds. The plant bark presented greater chromatographic intensity, indicating higher AA concentrations. These findings highlight the risk of continued use of Aristolochia in traditional medicine and underscore the need to regulate its consumption and educate communities about its toxicity, contributing to a safer use of these plants.
Identificación de los tipos y composición química de Edulcorantes no calóricos presentes en confites, snacks y bebidas que se expenden en bares, tiendas y micromercados circundantes al Campus Central de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-27) Castro Siguencia, Wilmer Omar; Murillo Choco, Angelica Lisseth; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
The food industry uses non-caloric sweeteners in different ultra-processed products as a substitute for sugar. The objective of the present work was to classify the products according to the NOVA system and to identify the non-caloric sweeteners by means of the analysis of the nutritional label present in all the evaluated products. The study was conducted at the Central Campus of the University de Cuenca, which is a sample due to its socio-demographic characteristics and its retail food products, a scenario that is reproducible at the national level and in various countries around the world. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 21 stores, and by means of a photographic record of the label, the nutritional information was extracted in a database to be later tabulated. Several studies have evaluated the possible effects of non-caloric sweeteners in animals, obtaining contradictory results, which were analyzed in this work by means of a bibliographic review. The search for articles was carried out in the digital databases PubMed, ScieELO, Scopus and Redalyc using keywords and Boolean operators. A total of 39 products were analyzed, of which 84.6% were beverages, 10.3% confectionery and 5.1% snacks. The combination of sweeteners sucralose-acesulfame potassium (25.6%) and aspartame-acesulfame potassium (25.6%) were the most frequent. The main results obtained in the bibliographic review were its capacity to generate multiorgan damage in murine populations, among them: neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, among others. Evidencing the lack of studies that determine possible side effects in humans.
Implementación parcial de la norma técnica ISO 15189:2014 como un sistema de gestión de la calidad que se aplicará al Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-03) Calle Parra, Karina Cecilia; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
The quality of a Clinical Laboratory be defined as the accuracy, guarantee, reliability of the results reported to patients and it is a public/private space that is intended to provide qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis data, to contribute to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies, for which the Clinical Laboratory must have a quality management system that gives it the ability to produce technically valid results based on the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 15189 standard, control over its processes. The purpose of this degree work is to continue the implementation of a Quality Management System based on the Technical Standard ISO 15189:2014 (NT-ISO 15189:2014) for the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca and demonstrate a quality and guarantee in laboratory activities. At the beginning of this work, an observational diagnosis was made in which we could find the lack of documentation to carry out a quality management system, so we proceeded to make a matrix of macro and micro processes based on the requirements of the ISO Standard. 15189:201 and finally the implementation of these requirements to the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca was analyzed. In addition, as a result of the implementation of the aforementioned Standard, correctly established procedures were obtained and are applicable to daily activities for the control and continuous improvement of quality management of the Clinical Laboratory of the University of Cuenca.
Infección de vías urinarias, determinación del agente etiológico y sensibilidad a antimicrobianos en mujerees de 18 a 45 años de edad de la Ciudad de Cuenca 2014
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-11-11) Criollo Gutama, Adriana Elizabeth; Gutiérrez Barros, Erika Mishell; Duran Yaguana, Diego Fernando; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny Carola; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
Urinary tract infections are among the most common diseases in our population that most often affects females, being symptomatic or asymptomatic, which, if not treated in time there are complications in the future. The study was descriptive, using simple random selection and whose purpose was to determine urinary tract infection, identify the causative agent and antimicrobial susceptibility in women aged 18-45 years in the city of Cuenca. We analyzed 400 urine samples by elemental and microscopic examination of urine (EMO) useful in the search for bacteria and cellular structures (pus cells, leukocytes, etc.) that guided us to an infection. To perform the urine culture and sensitivity was considered from two crosses of bacteria in the EMO, this method was based on planting, inoculation, interpretation, reading, isolation and reseeding of the microorganism; all these procedures were performed using bio-security measures and making the appropriate quality controls. Of the 400 samples tested, 41 were positive for ITU, representing 10%, against 90% of negative samples. The group with the highest prevalence of infection was 18-21 years. The most common pathogen was Escherichia Coli with 88%, followed by 10% Staphylococcus and Proteus 2%. Meropenem was found that the antibiotic was the most sensitive, followed by Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin. Amoxicillin / Clavulanic Acid, Cefadroxil and Gentamicin were Trimethoprim Sulfa antibiotics showed resistance compared with other antimicrobial.
Influencia de las variables socio demográficas en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias médicas de la universidad de Cuenca - Ecuador 2015
(2019) Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Larriva Villarreal, Diana Katherine; Rodríguez Sánchez, Dolores Amparito; Serrano Delgado, Clara Yamilet; Reinoso Carrasco, Julieta del Carmen
This paper explores the association between academic achievement of the students of the Faculty of medical sciences of Cuenca University and the socio-demographic variables, is a study of cross-cutting analytical, using a virtual survey; the universe was formed by 1318 students enrolled in racing: medicine and surgery, clinical laboratory, speech therapy, nutrition and dietetics, imaging, early stimulation in health, physical therapy and nursing of the University of Cuenca, of which 213 did not accept the corresponding consent of the questionnaire, which were excluded, leaving a total of 1105 students for analysis.The average age was 21,67 years with a 2.79 ±. The reason men women is 1:3, mostly come from the province of Azuay 69.9% (n = 772), type of family is mainly a nuclear family with 65.2% (n = 720). It was determined to the level of education reached more frequently both mothers and fathers the average level (finished high school). It was found that women reported contributions significantly higher than men’s average use of 76.6 (of = 8.1) and 74.1 (of = 8.5) respectively.
Metódicas extractivas y aislamiento de ácido aristolóquico a partir de matrices naturales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-04) Toral Tello, María Cumandá; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
The medicinal plants of the genus Aristolochia used to treat different pathologies, contain a large amount of aristolochic acids, both type I and II, related to the development of nephropathies and high-risk cancers due to their toxicity. They are considered a health hazard for those who use them. In the present study, the methods for extracting and isolating aristolochic acid from natural matrices were determined, which are effective to obtain a standardized extract of the Aristolochia plant. For the development of the study, the Zaragoza liana (Aristolochia) from the cities of Puyo and Macas was analyzed for its subsequent extraction with supercritical fluids and ultrasound-assisted extraction, using methanol as solvent. Subsequently, the metabolites obtained were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to verify the presence of aristolochic acid. The results showed that aristolochic acid has a retention factor in the range of Rf 0.61-0.77, which are visible by bands of yellow coloration at white light, dark or gray at UV light of 254 nm and black coloration with a yellow halo at UV light of 366 nm, characteristics that allow evidencing the presence of aristolochic acid in these samples.
Prevalencia de parasitosis en pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Básico Moreno Vázquez de Gualaceo, en el periodo enero del 2020 a diciembre del 2021, Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-24) Guncay León, Joseline Alexandra; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
Worldwide, intestinal parasitosis is considered a public health problem that mainly affects developing countries, with children being the most affected population. In Ecuador, studies report a high incidence of intestinal parasitosis, especially in rural and marginal urban areas, affecting significantly the health and quality of life of the individual, being the main causative agents of these infections the helminth and protozoan parasites. For this reason, it was necessary to determine the prevalence of parasitosis in patients attending the Hospital Básico Moreno Vázquez de Gualaceo from January 2020 to December 2021, Azuay. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Hospital Básico Moreno Vázquez" of Gualaceo from January 2020 to December 2021, with a sample of 6199 coproparasite results. The data obtained were recorded in a data sheet in Excel and analyzed in the SPSS program free version 27. The results achieved for the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis were 26.36% during the period January 2020 to December 2021, during the year 2020 the prevalence was 25.08%, while in 2021 it was 27.34%. It was concluded that 23.26% of the parasitized people presented monoparasitism and 3.8% polyparasitism. The parasites that had the highest prevalence were protozoa with 88.9% compared to helminths which was 11.1%.
Rol del auto muestreo para el diagnóstico del virus del papiloma humano
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, 2022) Viñansaca Atancuri, Lourdes Catalina; Verhoeven, Veronique; Parrón Carreño, Tesifón; Morales Díaz, María Angélica; Dávila Sacoto, Santiago Arturo; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Mejía Chicaiza, Jorge Victoriano; López Sigüenza, Diana; Espinoza González, María Elena; Neira Molina, Vivian Alejandra; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José
Introducción: Durante el año 2020, se reportaron 604127 nuevos casos de cáncer de cuello uterino (CC) y 341831 muertes por ésta causa a nivel mundial. En el mismo año, se identificaron 1534 nuevos casos y 813 muertes por CC en Ecuador. El programa nacional de prevención del CC, centra sus esfuerzos principalmente en la citología vaginal y la vacunación para adolescentes en el sistema de atención primaría, sin embargo, solamente el 58,4% de las mujeres en edad reproductiva se ha realizado una prueba de tamizaje a lo largo de su vida en el país. Se han identificado diferentes barreras para el acceso al tamizaje del CC, entre ellas: tiempos de espera prolongados, dolor, vergüenza, desconocimiento y falta de percepción de riesgo entre las más importantes. Las técnicas de auto muestreo, han incrementado las coberturas y han alcanzando a mujeres que tradicionalmente no accedían a las pruebas de detección precoz. Objetivos: Identificar la aceptabilidad de las pruebas de auto muestreo en mujeres de zona rural. Comparar la sensibilidad, especificidad de las pruebas de orina y auto toma con la toma tradicional con espéculo, para el diagnostico de el VPH. Método: La presenta investigación forma parte del proyecto “Haciendo accesible la detección del cáncer de cuello uterino a través del auto muestreo: un paso hacia la igualdad en salud mediante el empoderamiento de las mujeres en un contexto intercultural, financiado por el VLIR UOS” (CAMIE). En su fase cualitativa realizo un estudio, fenomenológico, mediante grupos focales de discusión (GFD) con mujeres de zona rural de la parroquial El Valle del cantón Cuenca. Los grupos focales fueron grabados y trascritos, su análisis se realizó utilizando en programa Nvivo. En su fase cuantitativa, se realizó una invitación a participar en el estudio, a las mujeres que acudían al servicio de salud, mismas que luego de firmar el consentimiento informado, procedieron a la recolección de orina, muestreo por auto toma y toma tradicional con espéculo. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el departamento de biología molecular de la Universidad de Cuenca. Principales resultados: Cualitativos: Un total de 47 mujeres participaron en 7 GFD. La participantes consideran la técnica de toma de Papanicolaou es dolorosa, invasiva y vergonzosa; en tanto que los métodos de auto toma, tienen ventajas como la privacidad, ahorran tiempo de espera, son más cómodos y menos dolorosos. Cuantitativos: Se procesaron las muestras de orina, auto toma y toma normal para el diagnóstico de VPH de 120 participantes. La toma con espéculo, fue usada como prueba de oro. La sensibilidad y especificidad fue de 89% y 95% para la prueba de orina; 94% y 92% para la prueba de auto toma. Conclusiones: Las pruebas de auto muestreo, constituyen una estrategia válida y aceptada para el tamizaje primario del VPH a nivel comunitario. La aplicación de estas técnicas sumadas a estrategias educativas permitirá romper barreras en el acceso a la detección oportuna del CC
Vacunas frecuentes utilizadas en América Latina para SARS-COV-2 causante de COVID-19, efectos que producen en grupos poblacionales de 18 a 65 Años
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-13) Soliz García, Jaime Alfredo; Mora Bravo, Lorena Viviana
The appearance of the outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China since December 2019, and its accelerated spread not only in the epicenter city but around the world, began one of the viral pandemics with the greatest impact in recent years. worldwide health, social and economic level in the last 100 years, since then, many research teams and companies have devoted their efforts and resources to developing vaccines and treatments against this disease. In this document, information was collected from original scientific articles, reviews and information; reports from different platforms tracking the development of vaccines and official communications by the companies or research institutes that lead the trials of the potential vaccines under study. The clinical trials of the vaccines were carried out in patients between 18 and 65 years of age. majority in phase 3 with a few exceptions, in Latin America, Brazil is the country that has carried out a greater number of clinical trials, the most widely used vaccines in Latin America are Astrazeneca, Sinovac, Pfizer, Cansino, the effects after vaccine report headaches and general malaise and as a positive effect the acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the review carried out leads us to conclude that clinical laboratories provide their service for diagnosis, treatment and control of SARS-CoV-2 but not for assess the immunity produced by vaccinations.