Browsing by Author "Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián"

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Análisis comparativo de los costos de la prevención y tratamiento asociados al cáncer de cuello uterino en Ecuador
(2024) Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián; Neira Molina, Vivian Alejandra; Delgado López, Dayanara Alejandra; Ramos Rodríguez, Lisseth Carolina; Dávila Sacoto, Santiago Arturo; Andrade Galarza, Andrés Fernando; Vega Crespo, Bernardo José
Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death due to oncological pathologies in Ecuadorian women. Vaccination and early detection are effective in preventing this disease. The costs of cervical cancer treatment are high. Objective: To compare the cost per person for cervical cancer prevention versus the treatment of cervical lesions. Methodology: An analysis of therapeutic recommendations and associated costs for treatment and prevention was conducted based on the cost schedule for the national health system of Ecuador. Results: The investment in prevention varies according to the scheme used. When using the optimal vaccination and scree-ning with cytology, the investment is $395.62 USD. When using the optimal vaccination and human papillomavirus detection scheme, the cost is $761.42 USD. The cost of follow-up for low-grade lesions is $490.7 USD; for high-grade lesions and in situ cancer with outpatient management, it is $685.43 USD. In the case of in situ cancer/Stage IAI/or non-conizable cervixes, the cost reaches $3465.68 USD. For invasive stages I to 2; IB; IIA, it is $23,762.20 USD, and for stages IIB-III-IV, the minimum cost is $28,560.22 USD. Conclusions: The cost of managing advanced and invasive cervical lesions is 10 to 101 times more expensive than prevention per person. The cost for a person with a basic salary of $460 USD would create inequities in access to treatment and survival. The cost per person that the state must cover for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer is much higher than the investment in preven
Análisis de las reformas tributarias en el pago del Impuesto a la Renta para personas naturales bajo relación de dependencia
(2024) Becerra Palacios, Edgar Rolando; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián; Ayabaca Mogrovejo, Orlando Fabián
Este trabajo realiza un Análisis sobre el impacto de las Reformas Tributarias del Reglamento a la Ley Orgánica para el Desarrollo Económico y Sostenibilidad Fiscal tras la Pandemia COVID-19; sobre el cálculo y pago de Impuesto a la Renta para personas naturales bajo relación de dependencia. Se utiliza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de Hogares Urbanos y Rurales y la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC) para determinar el impacto sobre los Ingresos y Gastos de la población ecuatoriana. Los resultados describen los principales cambios sobre el cálculo de la Base Imponible por la reglamentación actual entre cada uno de los escenarios planteados siendo el efecto principal la imposibilidad de deducción de Gastos Personales Deducibles tales como; Vivienda, Educación, Salud, entre otros y la compensación de esta deducción con una rebaja del Impuesto en la Renta.
Corporate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: An approximation based on business data from Ecuador
(2024) Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Reino Chérrez, Fabiola Susana; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián
This study analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic reactivation carried out in Ecuador in 2021 on the corporate performance of Ecuadorian companies; in this country, most of the business fabric is made up of micro and small companies, which is why it could provide new insights to the literature. The empirical analysis is based on the DID impact evaluation methodology from a company database obtained from the financial statements of the Superintendency of Companies of Ecuador. The results reveal that there is great heterogeneity in the corporate impact of the pandemic and that the affected ones were mainly micro and small companies; additionally, they indicate that the negative effects of the pandemic on financial performance extended into 2021, thus signaling a weak economic recovery. These results are key for designing policies aimed at economic reactivation in the business segments and industries most impacted by the pandemic
Índice de riesgo a la pérdida de empleo y su relación con el sector informal, evidencia empírica para Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-13) Ávila Villacís, Pamela Gabriela; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián; Mendoza Valencia, César Andrés
This research evaluates the role of the Risk Index for Job Loss (IRPE) on informality in Ecuador for the years 2015-2018. The categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) and the logistic regression model with robust standard errors are used as the main estimation strategies in the article. The findings suggested that the IRPE exerts a positive and significant effect on informality; however, the economic analysis suggests that a measure that increases the IRPE cut-off point increases the probability of belonging to the informal sector, but with decreasing returns, that is, its increase is smaller and smaller. Therefore, it is concluded that the higher de individual’s IRPE score, their probability of belonging to the informal sector increases
Labour Force Participation and Sectoral Dynamics Over The Business Cycle: Regional Evidence For Ecuador
(2024) Mendieta Muñoz, Luis Rodrigo; Figueroa Campoverde, David Sebastián; Ontaneda Jiménez, Diego Danny
Ecuador is a developing country characterised by a high degree of informality and has undergonesignificant economic transformations that have had an impact on the labour market. Despite thenational trend of a slight decline in labour force participation, there are notable differences indevelopment across the country, making it an interesting case study. This article examines thedeterminants of regional differences in labour force participation and the sectoral structure ofemployment. Using a regional panel data analysis, it identifies the cyclicality of labour forceparticipation, formal and informal wage employment and self-employment for both sexes. Theresults of the decomposition highlight the significant influence of education, household conditions,age distribution and regional factors on regional labour force participation and employmentcomposition. The results show that labour force participation has undergone significant changesover time and exhibits strong counter-cyclical behaviour. The analysis shows that formalemployment is procyclical, while informal wage employment shows countercyclical fluctuations.Moreover, self-employment does not seem to be affected by the business cycle, except in recentyears. Finally, it is concluded that women's participation in the labour force is more related topolicies affecting the educational level of the population than to business cycle factors.