Browsing by Author "Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar"

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Características morfométricas de las razas criollas encerado, colorado, atigrado y pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador
(ALPA, 2018) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Dutan Sanango, Jorge Bolivar
Se caracterizó la morfometría de las razas Criollas Encerado, Colorado, Atigrado y Pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador, donde se evaluaron 106 vacas multíparas, edad promedio 5,3±0,19 años, número de partos 2,9±0,21 y condición corporal 3,1±0,11. Para establecer las características morfométricas se analizaron 21 medidas corporales, 4 caracteres de ubre, con el bastón zoométrico, cinta bovinométrica, calibrador, para determinar el peso se utilizó el método de Quetelet; además, 9 variables fanerópticas por observación directa. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del Paquete Estadístico SPSS®, versión 22, en el cual se analizaron frecuencias, estadígrafos principales, análisis de varianza y chi cuadrado. Para la determinación de los biotipos se aplicó clúster bietápico basado en el color de capa, altura a la cruz, perímetro torácico y peso. Se estableció que el ganado criollo tiene una representatividad del 4% en la zona de estudio. Dentro de este genotipo se establecieron 4 biotipos; Encerada (28%), Colorada (14%), Atigrada (9%) y Pintada (55%), con características morfoestructurales similares entre sí (P>0,05), como altura a la cruz entre 120,9±1,11 - 121,5±0,80cm, peso 334,2±11,13 - 356,0±23,33kg; perímetro torácico 163,39±1,79 - 168,33±3,43cm y perímetro de caña 16,0 ±0,34 - 17,2 ±0,67cm. Los biotipos Encerada y Pintada presentaron tendencia lechera (96,4%) con un perfil rectilíneo de 75,0% y 88,5% respectivamente y proporciones longilíneas, superiores al 92,9%, a diferencia de la Colorada (42,9%) y Atigrada (33,3%) con un perfil convexilineo y caracteres de producción mixta de 14,3% y 33,3% para cada uno de ellos. Se concluye que los biotipos criollos tienen tendencia productiva lechera y doble propósito y la única diferencia entre ellos es el color de capa.
Competencia del ovocito bovino obtenido por ovum pick-up valorado mediante el azul brillante de cresilo
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Argudo Garzón, Daniel Ernesto; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bright blue cresyl (BCB) test as an indirect method to select competent oocytes for the in vitro production of embryos (IVP). The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained from two Creole heifers subjected to two treatments: T1 = COC recovered by OPU (ovum pick-up) previous stimulation with FSH-LH; T2 = COC recovered from non-stimulated animals (control).The two heifers were alternated in the two treatments and five repetitions were done. Recovered COCs were classified into types A, B, C and D. Then the BCB test was applied to each of the COC types to determine if they were BCB+ or BCB-. T1 allowed to recover 5.2 more COC than T2 (p<0.05). When applying the BCB test, it was determined that all type A oocytes of T1 and T2 were BCB+; that is, they finished their growth and were ready to start the process of in vitro maturation; however, about 50% of the type B, C and D COCs of T1 and T2 were BCB+. It is concluded that the selection of COC based on morphological characteristics is a reliable method only for type A and has a 50% error for COC type B, C and D and, therefore, the application of the BCB test allows to improve this selection non-invasively
Competencia ovocitaria en procesos de maduración in vitro y su relación con el tamaño del folículo
(ALPA, 2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Estrella Bermeo, Carlos Adrián; Suconota Pizarro, Ana Gabriela; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
El objetivo fue valorar la competencia post maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos bovinos provenientes de folículos de tres tamaños diferentes. Se realizó en el laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal de la Universidad de Cuenca a 2.650msnm. Previo a la aspiración, los folículos fueron medidos y clasificados en grupo 1 (<4mm); grupo 2 (4-8mm) y grupo 3 (>8mm). La punción folicular se realizó a cada grupo por separado con una aguja 21G conectada a una bomba de vacío, a presión de 65mmHg. Los complejos cumulus ovocitos (COC´s) recuperados de cada grupo fueron clasificados en base a las características del cumulus y citoplasma en aptos y no aptos para la producción de embriones in vitro (PIV). La determinación enzimática se realizó a través de la prueba del azul brillante de Cresilo (BCB). La maduración se realizó en microgotas colocadas en una cámara de CO2 al 5%; a 38,5°C y 90% de humedad, durante 24h, usando como medio TCM 199. La valoración de la progresión meiótica a metafase II (competencia) fue determinada con la prueba de Hoesch en base a la extrusión del primer corpúsculo polar, valorados mediante epifluorescencia bajo un microscopio invertido. Los resultados fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® versión 22. Se realizaron 14 sesiones, aspirando 1.964 folículos en el grupo 1 (G1), grupo 2 (G2=1.073) y grupo 3 (G3=336). Se obtuvo un porcentaje de recuperación del 76,1% en G2, 64,7% en G1 y 63,4% en G3 con diferencia estadística (P<0,05). El grupo G2 presentó un mayor porcentaje de COC´s valorados como aptos (65,7%), seguido de G3 (54,9%) y finalmente de G1 (42,4%), con diferencia entre grupos (P<0,05). De los COC’s clasificados como aptos, en G2 el 59,0% fueron positivos al colorante (BCB+), en G1 (44.6%) y G3 (35.7%); es decir, habían terminado su crecimiento y estaban listos para continuar con el proceso de maduración (P>0,05). Sin embargo, al valorar el porcentaje de COC´s clasificados como aptos que fueron BCB+ y BCB- dentro de un mismo grupo, se estableció que G2 presentó más BCB+ que BCB- (P<0,05). Finalmente, los ovocitos clasificados como aptos de G1 y G2, reanudaron la meiosis y llegaron a metafase II en un 75% a diferencia de G3 (61%), (P<0,05). Se concluye que los COC's provenientes de folículos entre 4-8mm proporcionan mayor porcentaje de maduración; sin embargo, los folículos <4mm son una fuente interesante de ovocitos viables por lo cual deberían ser utilizados para la PIV. Palabras clave: tamaño, COC’s, aptos, meiosis
Control of the emergence of the follicular wave by the application of oestradiol benzoate, GnRH and follicular ablation in the late metaoestrous in heifers in the high tropics
(2020) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Sarmiento Quito, Santiago Xavier; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
The response of the dominant follicle (DF), the profile of the FSH and estradiol and the onset of the follicular wave after the application of estradiol benzoate, GnRH, or follicular ablation in late metestrus were characterized in crossbred Holstein heifers, reared at 2500 meters above sea level and fed to grazing. Nine animals weighing 427.7±23.0 kg, body condition 2.7±0.1, age 26.7±1.4 months were used. Before the experiment, the heifers were synchronized and day 6 of the oestrous cycle was considered day zero (start of the experiment). There were three treatments: T1 = Oestradiol benzoate - BE (n=9), T2 = GnRH (n=9), T3 = Ablation (n=9). The evaluation of the DF was carried out by ultrasound every 24 hours, for 5 consecutive days. FSH and oestradiol levels were analysed every 5 days from day 0 by radioimmunoassay. The onset of the follicular wave and number of follicles recruited were determined retrospectively when assessing the daily ultrasound. The application of BE (T1) caused an initial growth of the DF, then it was maintained and finally went to atresia, the peak of FSH appeared at 48h (0.87±0.21 ng/ml) and the onset of the follicular wave was at 3.2±0.15 d post-treatment. In T2, 55.5% of the heifers ovulated in 24h and 44.5% between 24-48h, the peak of FSH was at 24h post-treatment and the onset of the wave in 2.4±0.18 d. The T3 heifers showed the FSH peak at 24h and wave restarted at 1.8±0.15 days. It is concluded that the application of BE in the heifers of the study favoured then an earlier restart of the follicular wave. Besides, the presence of corpus luteum and DF prior to the application of GnRH and ablation allows a more solid and homogeneous restart of the follicular wave.
Dinámica folicular de vaquillas criollas al pastoreo en el altiplano ecuatoriano
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
The aim was to characterize the behavior pattern of follicular dynamics in creoles heifer (CR) to grazing in the high mountains of Ecuador. It was carried out in the Irquis experimental farm at the University of Cuenca, in 2016. The average weight was 243.3±45.0kg. Body condition (CC) 2.5±0.4, scale 1-5 points. Age 19.9±4.8 months. Daily scans were performed during an estrous cycle. Every 48h the levels of Progesterone (P4) were determined. A pattern of two and three follicular waves was established (44.4 and 55.6% respectively). The average duration of the estrous cycle was 20.3±0.03 days (two waves) and 23.6±0.02 days (three waves). The size of the preovulatory follicle (FPO) was 15.3±0.04mm for two-wave animals and for those with three waves, 13.8±1.48mm. The subordinate follicle (FS) reached its maximum size on day 4.0±0.04, with 8.0±0.04mm (two waves) and 4.8±0.03 days with 7.4±0.03mm (three waves). The development of the corpus luteum (CL) presented three phases: growth (until day 6), static (6-18 days) and regression (>18 days). On day 12, the CL reached its largest size 21.7±1.45mm and 23.5±0.61mm for animals of two and three waves respectively. P4 reached levels above 1ng / ml from day 4 (5.8±3.35ng/ml two waves and 5.1±1.15ng / ml three waves). The levels of P4 during the estrous cycle were higher than those reported in other breed. In conclusion, Creole genotype heifers have their own characteristics, which are influenced by the pattern of follicular behavior (two or three waves)
Dinámica folicular de vaquillas Criollas, al pastoreo en la sierra ecuatoriana
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
El ganado bovino Criollo a nivel mundial está catalogado en peligro de extinción. En los últimos años este tipo de animales han sido reemplazados por ganado lechero especializado, sin considerar la rusticidad, adaptabilidad y resistencia a ciertas enfermedades, así como el desconocimiento de las características fisiológicas como la dinámica folicular, número de folículos reclutados por onda, concentraciones de hormonas esteroideas, entre otras; las cuales no han permitido la conservación y multiplicación de este material genético criollo, razón por lo cual el objetivo fue caracterizar el patrón de comportamiento de la dinámica folicular en vaquillas Criollas al pastoreo en la sierra Ecuatoriana. Se realizó en la granja experimental Irquis de la Universidad de Cuenca, a una altitud de 2650msnm durante el año 2016. Se evaluó el ciclo estral de 9 vaquillas Criollas con peso promedio de 243,3±45,0 kg; CC 2,5±0,4, escala 1-5 puntos y edad 19,9±4,8 meses. Se realizaron ecografías diarias durante un ciclo estral. Cada 48h se determinó los niveles de Progesterona (P4). Se estableció un patrón de dos y tres ondas foliculares (44,4 y 55,6% respectivamente). El promedio de duración del ciclo estral fue de 20,3±0,03 días (dos ondas) y de 23,6±0,02 días (tres ondas). El tamaño del folículo preovulatorio (FPO) fue de 15,3±0,04mm para animales de dos ondas y para las de tres ondas 13,8±1,48mm. El folículo subordinado (FS) alcanzó su máximo tamaño el día 4,0±0,04, con 8,0±0,04mm (dos ondas) y 4,8±0,03 días con 7,4±0,03mm (tres ondas). El desarrollo del cuerpo lúteo (CL) presentó tres fases: crecimiento (hasta el día 6), estática (6-18 días) y regresión (>18 días). En el día 12 el CL alcanzó su mayor tamaño 21,7±1,45mm y 23,5±0,61mm para animales de dos y tres ondas respectivamente. La P4 alcanzó niveles superiores a 1ng/ml a partir del día 4 (5,8±3,35ng/ml dos ondas y 5,1±1,15ng/ml tres ondas). Los niveles de P4 durante el ciclo estral fueron más altos que los reportados en razas diferentes. En conclusión, las vaquillas de genotipo Criollo poseen características propias, las cuales se ven influenciadas por el patrón de comportamiento folicular (dos o tres ondas).
Efecto de la grasa bypass sobre la reactivación ovárica postparto en vacas holstein friesian mestizas con condición corporal diferente
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Aguilar Campoverde, Nelson Adrian; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier
The effect of bypass fat on productive and reproductive parameters in crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with different body condition (CC) was the objective of the study. Four treatments were analyzed: T1 (n=10) CC> 3.5 without fat bypass; T2 (n=10) CC> 3.5 with bypass grease; T3 (n=10) CC <2.5 without fat bypass and T4 (n=10) CC <2.5 with bypass fat. The CC and weight were evaluated on the 25th day before, at delivery and postpartum until day 65. Milk production was determined during the first two months of lactation. Ovarian reactivation was assessed by ultrasonography once a week. The first postpartum estrus (1CPP), preovulatory follicle (FPO), corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone levels (P4) at day 7 were evaluated. The first delivery interval (IPPS) and the number of inseminations per pregnancy (IA/P). Uterine health (SU) was determined at day 35 postpartum. A mixed linear model was used for the statistical analysis using the MIXED procedure. The T1 cows lost more CC than the other treatments (P <0.05); however, T2, T3 and T4 presented no difference (P> 0.05). Animals that received fat bypass (T2 and T4) lost less weight (P <0.05) compared to T1 and T3. T2 cows produced more milk (P <0.05) than T1, T3 and T4 animals. T2 presented less polymorph nuclear (8.12%), compared to T1, T3 and T4 (P <0.05). The number of IA/P used in T2 was lower (1.69) than T1, T3 and T4 (2.9, 2.5 and 2.5 respectively) (P <0.05). The CPI was reduced to 73.6 days in T2 and its P4 levels were higher (6.06 ng/ml), determining differences with the other treatments. The addition of fat bypass in the basal diet of lactating cows improved the productive and reproductive parameters.
Efecto de la mastitis subclínica sobre la fertilidad en vacas de leche en los cantones: Cuenca, Girón, San Fernando de la provincia del Azuay y Déleg de la provincia del Cañar
(2019-07-17) Matute Deleg, Tania Ximena; Pinos Rojas, Erika Estefanía; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
The effect of subclinical mastitis (MSC) on fertility in Holstein mestizo cows, in Azuay and Cañar was determined. Three trials were performed; the first one evaluated the effect of MSC on the percentage of pregnancy, 60 cows were sampled with MSC and 60 healthy, the diagnosis of MSC was made by somatic cell count, to determine the percentage of pregnancy the information of the first post-diagnosis insemination was used of MSC. The second experiment evaluated the size of the preovulatory follicle (TFPO) and the% of ovulation by ultrasound, 54-56h post-implant removal; % ovulation 48 h after day zero. Two treatments were evaluated: T1 (n = 40) cows with MSC and T2 (n = 40) healthy cows; To homogenize the day of ovulation, a conventional IATF was performed. The third trial determined the relationship between estrogen in blood and follicular fluid, two treatments were used: T1 (n = 10) cows with MSC and T2 (n = 10) healthy cows; The hormonal evaluation was performed by electrochemiluminescence. The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 25. It was established that cows with MSC had a lower percentage of pregnancy (48.3%), versus healthy ones (68.3%) (P <0.05). The FPO and% ovulation were similar between treatments (P> 0.05). Regarding estrogen levels in blood serum, cows with MSC had higher values (73.9 pg / ml) vs 37.4 pg / ml (healthy cows) (P <0.05), but not in follicular fluid (P> 0.05). It is concluded that MSC negatively impacts on pregnancy
Efecto de la somatotropina recombinante bovina (rBST) sobre la concepción en vacas Jersey sincronizadas con dispositivos de Progesterona (CIDR) + Estradiol e inseminadas a tiempo fijo
(2013) Alvarado Alvarado, Juan Carlos; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
Eficacia de la prostaglandina y benzoato de estradiol para sincronización de celo en vaconas
(2013) Dután Sanango, José Miguel; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
Eficacia de la prueba Elisa en muestras de leche para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la brucelosis bovina
(Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 2022) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago; López Espinoza, Mateo Damián; Vintimilla Rojas, Andrea Elizabeth; Rivera Pirela, Sergio Emiro; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Null; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Bovine brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease capable of infecting cattle for long periods of time. Some animals are asymptomatic, thus maintaining the disease in the herd. Cattle become infected after ingestion of contaminated milk, feed, water; also by contact with infected animals, uterine secretions or aborted fetuses and by vertical transmission. Little is known about the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in dairy herds in the province of Azuay. An initial step for the formulation of control and eradication programs would be the implementation of a surveillance system that allows characterizing the state of infection in dairy areas, and thus early detection of the entry of the disease into free herds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the indirect ELISA test (IDEXX, Brucella tank milk) in milk pools as a tool to identify herds that have not been in contact with the disease, allowing the characterization of areas free of brucellosis.
Evaluación de la calidad de la leche de acuerdo con el tamaño de las ganaderías de la parroquia Nazón – Cañar
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-05) Solano Aguayza, Daniela Lissbeth; Tapia Calle, David Alejandro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
This study evaluated the physicochemical and hygienic quality of milk produced in the Nazón- Cañar parish. Farm size was considered a factor in the analysis. A total of 111 raw milk samples were collected from small, medium, and large farms with pasture-fed Holstein crossbred cows. Parameters such as fat, protein, lactose, total solids, density, and somatic cell count were analyzed. The results showed that 72% of farms in the area are small, 18% are medium, and 10% are large. In Ecuador, the minimum values required for quality milk are: fat 3.0%, protein 2.9%, total solids 11.2%, and a limit of 700,000 somatic cells/ml. Of the 111 samples, 71 farms (64%) met the established parameters, 39 farms (35%) did not meet at least one of the minimum required values, the greatest non-compliance being the somatic cell count, and 1 farm (0.9%) did not meet any of the established standards. The average fat content was 3.9%, protein 3.24%, non-fat solids 9%, lactose 4.93%, and a density of 1029.64. Large farms were mostly the ones with the highest somatic cell count. Farm size did not influence all the parameters evaluated.
Evaluar el efecto de la fibra sobre la respuesta ovárica estimulada con hormona foliculoestimulante en vaquillas Holstein mestizas alimentadas con forraje de diferente edad fenológica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-23) Boni Curillo, Adriana Mercedes; Pacheco Estrella, Jaime Ernesto; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
The study was carried out on the Juticaray farm, located in the Surampalti sector, Déleg canton, Cañar province at an altitude of 3230 meters above sea level. The work evaluated the effect of the administration of 125 International Units (IU) of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) epidurally in eight crossbred Holstein heifers that were fed with pastures of 28 and 42 days of phenological age, on the ovarian response, quantifying the number of antral follicles (AF) observed on the day of the ultrasound-guided aspiration (OPU), the number and quality of cumulus oocyte complexes (COC's) recovered. In the experiment, 4 treatments were established: T0=28-day meadow; T1=28-day pasture + 125 IU of FSH; T2=42-day meadow; T3=42-day meadow + 125 IU of FSH. The meadow contained 80.1% grasses, 7.4% legumes and 6.4% weeds. The chemical analysis determined that the crude fiber in the 28- and 42-day pastures was similar (P>0.005); However, the 28-day pasture had higher percentages of moisture (88.3±0.70) and protein (21.3±0.81) compared to the 42-day pasture (84.9±0.55 and 17.6±0.86 respectively) (P<0.05), this contributed directly to the follicular development of treatment 3, which presented a greater number of follicles between 4-8 mm (116 (74.4%)). The average number of follicles visualized was 19.9 ± 6.68 follicles, of which 76.9% were aspirated (15.3 ± 7.11 follicles aspirated), obtaining a recovery percentage of 59.2% of COC's (11.8 ±7.53 COC's), of which 54.2% were classified as suitable and 45.7% as unsuitable. T3 had 19.1% more recovery than treatment 2 and 22.1% over T1. Additionally, T3 provided 3 times more COC's considered fit compared to those obtained in T2. In conclusion, applying 125 IU influenced the number of follicles that were aspirated, the number and quality of COC's recovered, regardless of the phenological age of the pasture with which the cows were fed.
La ozonoterapia intrauterina en el tratamiento de la endometritis subclínica bovina
(2013) Guzmán Alvarez, Enrique Alberto; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
Propuesta de proyecto técnico para incrementar la producción de trucha arcoíris en la comunidad Durán Burgay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-11) Ramírez Chica, Pedro de Jesús; Padilla Calle, Cristian Fernando; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar
A technical project proposal was made to increase rainbow trout production in the Durán Burgay community, in the Biblián canton in the province of Cañar. Initially, a meeting was held with the community, which requested a technical study to improve production. A descriptive diagnosis was carried out to extract information about the farm, in which aspects such as: facilities, water quality, community organization, crops of the species being exploited and market were analyzed, and in-situ information was obtained. It can be seen that there is a deficient zootechnical management, due to the fact that there is no planning of the producers, lack of knowledge of the exploitation technique and consequently a high mortality rate, which affects the economy of the producers, likewise, a market study was carried out, which makes us see that there is an unsatisfied demand for the product, In this way, the engineering of the project was carried out, the necessary changes in the infrastructure were recommended, listing the necessary elements to increase production and reduce the mortality rate, then the feasibility of the project was analyzed, showing positive numbers during the 5 years that the project will last. In this way it is clear the steps to follow and how much will be needed for the initial investment, repairs, contingencies, raw material for each production cycle and how much profit will be obtained at the end of the project.
Relación de la testosterona con el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas en cobayos enteros, extirpados las espículas y castrados
(ALPA, 2018) Loja González, María Magdalena; Illescas Solorzano, Johanna Alexandra; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
La investigación se desarrolló en Cuenca-Ecuador, coordenadas UTM 717.386 X 9675.751 Y. Altitud 3.100msnm, temperatura de 12-18°C, humedad del 75%. Se determinó la relación entre el patrón de comportamiento de los niveles de testosterona total (TT) y el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas (EP) en cobayos (Cavia porcellus) enteros, castrados y extirpados las espículas. Se utilizaron 75 cobayos de conformación tipo A y pelaje tipo 1. Edad 20 días, peso promedio 204,4g. Se conformó tres grupos experimentales (T1: cobayos enteros, n=25); (T2: cobayos extirpados las espículas peneanas, n=25) y (T3: cobayos castrados, n=25). La valoración de la TT y el desarrollo de las EP se realizó en 5 momentos diferentes (días: 20, 35, 50, 65 y 80). Los resultados fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics versión 22. Los cobayos durante los dos primeros muestreos (días: 20 y 35) mantuvieron las mismas condiciones fisiológicas, en el día 35 los animales de T2 fueron extirpado las espículas y los de T3 castrados. Los niveles de testosterona fueron determinados por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA) y la longitud de las espículas mediante el uso de una cámara de alta definición (Excelis AU-600-HD) montada sobre un microscopio con 100x, luego con la ayuda de un software (AmScope V.3.7) fueron realizadas las medidas. Se determinó que antes de la castración y la extirpación de espículas (día 35), los niveles de testosterona fueron de 0,8ng/ml (día 20); entre 1-1,4ng/ml (día 35), sin diferencia entre tratamientos; sin embargo, en el tercer muestreo (50d), cuarto (65d) y quinto (80d) los niveles de TT fueron similares entre los tratamientos T1 (enteros) y T2 (extirpados las espículas), no así, el tratamiento 3 (0,3ng/ml) quienes mostraron tres veces menos testosterona que T1 (2,8ng/ml) y T2 (1,8ng/ml). El desarrollo de EP de los cobayos de los tres tratamientos en las dos primeras valoraciones (día 20 y 35) fueron similares (P>0,05). Además, la EP derecha presenta mayor desarrollo que la izquierda, pero sin llegar a presentar diferencia estadística (P>0,05) entre sí. A partir del día 50 (tercera valoración) las EP en los cobayos de T1, presentan 2,5 veces mayor desarrollo (P<0,05) que los del tratamiento 3 (castrados). En conclusión, las Testosterona tiene una relación directa en el desarrollo de las espículas peneanas; sin embargo, si las EP son extirpadas en cobayos que mantienen testículos funcionales, los niveles de testosterona generados por las gónadas no son suficientes para producir regeneración de estas estructuras.
Relación del número de partos, edad y la morfoestructura del genotipo Holstein en la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Pesántez Carmona, José Luis; Pesántez Campoverde, Manuel Teodoro; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Ayala Rodríguez, Lorena Estefania; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Vanegas Cabrera, Raúl Alejandro; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago
Relación entre los niveles de la hormona Anti-mülleriana y la respuesta ovárica a los tratamientos superovulatorios en vacas mestizas Holstein
(Universidad Zulia, 0022-01-04) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Hernández Fonseca, Hugo; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
This research was conducted in the south-central region of Ecuador. Anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration was determined and a reference value was established to predict the ability of donor cows (Holstein crossbreds) to produce follicles in response to superovulation protocols that provide numerous oocytes and embryos in vivo. In the first experiment 140 cows received a synchronization protocol to reinitiate the follicular wave. On day 11 of the protocol, AMH concentration was measured and antral follicle counts (AFC) ≤ 4mm were performed. It was observed that AMH concentrations correlated positively with AFC (r=0.783). The second experiment related AFC, AMH levels and response of 36 in vivo embryo donors to a superovulation protocol. The number of follicles observed on day 9 in the high AMH group (23.1 ± 1.28 follicles) was greater than cows in the low AMH group (13.1 ± 0.76 follicles). The ovulation percentage was greater in the high AMH concentration group (26.3%) versus the low concentration group (13.3 ± 0.97 vs. 9.8 ± 0.57 CL). In addition, more embryos were recovered in the high (8.2 ± 0.77) vs. low AMH group (3.2 ± 0.50). Finally, the third experiment related AMH concentration to the number and quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC’s) recovered from heifers by ultrasound-guided aspiration (OPU). Sixty-one crossbred Holstein heifers with high, medium and low AMH concentration were evaluated. It was determined that plasma AMH levels were positively and significantly related to the total number of antral follicles <4mm at the time of restarting the follicular wave (r=0.93). In addition, animals with high AMH concentration presented twice the number of follicles on the day of OPU compared to animals with low AMH concentration (24,8 ± 0,52) versus (11,6 ± 0,36) respectively. Likewise, although a similar recovery percentage (57%) was obtained in both groups, the greater number of follicles in the high AMH group allowed obtaining twice the number of suitable COC's for in vitro embryo production.
Relationship between testosterone and penile spicules in Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
(2020) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Astiz, Susana; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
Understanding the physiology of penile spicules in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) may improve their management in large-scale production guinea systems. Here we examined whether penis spicule development depends on testosterone and whether exogenous testosterone can reverse penile spicule atrophy in castrated guinea pigs. The relationship between total testosterone (TT) and the development of penile spicules (DPS) in guinea pigs was explored in two experiments. The first experiment described the TT and DPS curves in non-castrated guinea pigs (E1-G1) and guinea pigs castrated on day 35 (E1-G2). In the second experiment, the dose-dependent effect of the administration of exogenous testosterone (ET) was evaluated during DPS in Group 1 (E2-G1; castrated guinea pigs + 125 μg ET on days 65 and 80 of age), Group 2 (E2-G2; castrated guinea pigs + 250 μg ET on days 65 and 80 of age), Group 3 (E2-G3; non-castrated guinea pigs), and Group 4 (E2-G4; castrated guinea pigs without ET). Analysis of variance using a General Linear Model (GLM) was performed. TT increased from day 20 to day 35 in both groups in the first experiment (P > 0.05). This increase in TT was maintained in E1-G1 on days 50, 65, and 80; however, TT fell to basal values in E1-G2 after castration. DPS guinea was directly related to TT level. In Experiment 2, guinea E2-G1 and E2-G2 animals that received ET showed an increase in TT, significantly differing from E2-G4 (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, ET administration in E2-G1 and E2-G2 was not sufficient to reach the TT levels in E2-G3. DPS was closely related to TT levels, such that when testicles were removed, the spicules began to atrophy without disappearing. Our results suggest that TT in guinea pigs increases steadily until puberty completes, after which it decreases and stabilizes and shows an association with DPS. Furthermore, 12–35% of TT produced by guinea pigs is testicle-independent. Finally, ET administration can stop and reverse the spicule atrophy process in castrated males. These results will help to manage guinea pigs in a more sustainable way in countries where this species is of utmost relevance to provide the population with the meat of high quality.