Browsing by Author "Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo"

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A methodology to model environmental preferences of EPT taxa in the Machangara river basin (Ecuador)
(2017) Jerves Cobo, Rubén Fernando; Everaert, Gert; Iñiguez Vela, Xavier Patricio; Córdova Vela, Gonzalo Esteban; Díaz Granda, Catalina Monserrat; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo ; Nopens, Ingmar; Goethals, Peter L
Rivers have been frequently assessed based on the presence of the Ephemeroptera— Plecoptera—Trichoptera (EPT) taxa in order to determine the water quality status and develop conservation programs. This research evaluates the abiotic preferences of three families of the EPT taxa Baetidae, Leptoceridae and Perlidae in the Machangara River Basin located in the southern Andes of Ecuador. With this objective, using generalized linear models (GLMs), we analyzed the relation between the probability of occurrence of these pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates families and physicochemical water quality conditions. The explanatory variables of the constructed GLMs differed substantially among the taxa, as did the preference range of the common predictors. In total, eight variables had a substantial influence on the outcomes of the three models. For choosing the best predictors of each studied taxa and for evaluation of the accuracy of its models, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used. The results indicated that the GLMs can be applied to predict either the presence or the absence of the invertebrate taxa and moreover, to clarify the relation to the environmental conditions of the stream. In this manner, these modeling tools can help to determine key variables for river restoration and protection management.
Análisis comparativo entre los métodos de estabiliad de taludes aplicados a las presas de tierra del Proyecto PACALORI
(2013) Espinoza Durán, Carlos Eduardo; Tapia Berzoza, Leandro Enrique; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Armas Novoa, Rolando
The following investigation work focuses on using digital modelling tools to quantify the safety on an earth dam. The present study analyzes the behavior of the stress to which the PACALORI project dams will be subject to. Prior to the calculation, sampling and testing are performed to assign own resistance geotechnical characteristics of foundation and the embankment. Then, the SLOPE/W software is used to model the dam's geometry and mechanical characteristics are introduced; these parameters will govern the behavior of the structure itself. Variability of hypotheses are considered that can be assigned to the methods used in the slope stability analysis, and the conditions in which they are obtaining a reliable safety factor. The purpose of this information is to proceed to model the mechanical behavior of the dam, allowing approximate minimum safety factors to be taken care of for the design and future mitigation measures. Finally, we present the conclusions and recommendations for the model´s calculations in the rest of the treated project dams.
Análisis de escenarios y estudio de un balance hídrico con aplicación al embalse MACUL 1 empleando el programa HEC-ResSim
(2013) Celi Contreras, Magaly Verónica; Vélez Arcentales, María Alexandra; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Tinoco Ochoa, José Vicente
The PACALORI project has as its main purpose to control the flood and water supply for irrigation, for which dams will be built whose reservoirs would store water for irrigation, one of which is the reservoir Macul 1 with a storage capacity of 57'000.000m3. To analyze the operational behavior of this reservoir water balance is performed and then a simulation through a computer program called HEC-ResSim is done in the winter season (December to May) as in the summer (June - November) of different scenarios, since it's a year of intense winter, extreme drought and normal conditions. For the study of the area to which the reservoir Macul 1 will provide water for irrigation is being considered in the stage of information-feasibility of the project, provided by the Program for Soil and Water Management (PROMAS) at the University of Cuenca. The results of this analysis indicate the behavior of the reservoir in each of the scenarios listed and we can analyze their performance in any month of the year, thus providing solutions for optimizing the operation of the reservoir.
Análisis de la capacidad de descarga y caracterización hidráulica en los puentes sobre el río Tomebamba en el tramo comprendido entre Balzain y Monay
(2019-10-25) Jiménez Ávila, John Israel; Ulloa Moscoso, Miryam Lorena; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
The flow rate of the Tomebamba River is related to precipitation. When this phenomenon occurs in great magnitude, duration and frequency in the upper parts of the basin, crescents are generated that reach the city in the course of two to three hours (Basabe et al, 1996) producing a closure to the flow in the section where it is located a bridge and causing possible flooding. The lack of rigorous studies in its design stage demonstrates the need to verify whether the bridges over the river respond efficiently to the hydraulic capacity required to the passage of a rising. This paper proposes to analyze the hydraulic behavior of the bridges over the Tomebamba River included in the Balzain-Monay section. The methodology starts from the analysis of maximum flows for different return periods of 5,10,25,50 and 100 years. The characterization of the hydraulic parameters from a field survey and the hydraulic behavior of the section through comparison with an already calibrated HEC RAS one-dimensional model and the implementation of the IBER two-dimensional model. These data will be used to establish the capacity of hydraulic evacuation of each bridge to the passage of extreme events, define the importance class of the structure, obtain its required design flows and finally demonstrate the hydraulic deficiencies. In conclusion, this project constitutes a contribution to studies for the reduction of risks and disasters in the city of Cuenca that promotes the protection of its works and preserves its heritage value.
Análisis del comportamiento del flujo a través de un vertedero en abanico y su subsecuente cuenco disipador mediante un modelo matemático de flujo en tres dimensiones
(2015) Patiño Fernández, Diego Fernando; Vintimilla Vintimilla, Diego Martín; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
In order to establish the flow pattern in the some facilities of the PACALORI Project, and to validate the results obtained through the small-scale physical model executed by the Water Management and Soil Research Program (PROMAS) and the Hydraulics and Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at University of Cuenca, through this study, the three-dimensional numerical modeling software FLOW-3D has been implemented to the facilities: Fan spillway and its subsequent sink basin. This software is based on the approximation of a control volume with a three-dimensional mesh for flow calculation by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using a turbulence model. Through this study will report results of numerical simulation that are compared and analyzed with qualitative and quantitative results obtained from the study of the small-scale physical model. Through the analysis and discussion of the results show the evaluation of the three-dimensional numerical modeling with FLOW-3D constitutes a complementary support to physical modeling to study the hydraulic performance in hydraulic structures and also to check the correct designs. Finally, recommendations are made to make way for the implementation of future studies to compare and analyze the performance of other models of numerical simulation as a tool for the design and analysis of the operation of hydraulic structures and flow processes in civil engineering projects.
Análisis y caracterización del caudal ecológico en ríos de montaña
(2009) Jaramillo Peralta, Lucía Janneth; Morales Matute, Oscar Patricio; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Análisis y diseño de una red de comunicación para transmitir información de alerta temprana. Caso de estudio: proyecto de control de inundaciones Bulubulu-Caña-Naranjal
(2016) Veintimilla Reyes, Jaime Eduardo; Tacuri Espinoza, Víctor Eduardo; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo ; Pino, José
This article presents a communication solution for the transmission ofinformation captured by remote sensors installed, configured and that are part of a Early warning system to prevent flooding. The particular case study focusesin the area of the Bulubulu-Cañar project financed by SENAGUA1 and that was developed conveniently between PROMAS2 and the consultant ACSAM3 . The main problem to solve is that in the area where the relay stations of the generated information will be installed Through the stations there are many elevations that prevent the direct line of sight between the towers To solve this, the location of several towers at specific points and with a certain height so that they are determined to control that the information reaches time to the control center and with this take the appropriate actions in order to prevent a possible flood For the analysis and determination of the optimal places tools have been used IT for the management of geographic information systems (GIS) and also tools to verify the line of sight of the transmitters and the frequency to be used to achieve the correct transmission. It should also be noted that the transmission will take place via radio modems.
Análisis, evaluación y propuesta de una red de monitoreo hidrogeológico para la subcuernca del río Tarqui
(2012) Palma Zambrano, Eduardo Dioney; Villagómez Dávalos, Eduardo Estevan; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Guzmán, Pablo
Analysis of the drought recovery of Andosols on southern Ecuadorian Andean páramos
(COPERNICUS GMBH, 2016-06-22) Iñiguez, V; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Morales, O
The Neotropical Andean grasslands above 3500ma.s.l., known as páramo, offer remarkable ecological services for the Andean region. The most important of these is the water supply of excellent quality to many cities and villages in the inter-Andean valleys and along the coast. The páramo ecosystem and especially its soils are under constant and increased threat by human activities and climate change. In this study, the recovery speed of the páramo soils after drought periods are analysed. The observation period includes the droughts of 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 together with intermediate wet periods. Two experimental catchments-one with and one without páramo-were investigated. The Probability Distributed Moisture (PDM) model was calibrated and validated in both catchments. Drought periods and its characteristics were identified and quantified by a threshold level approach and complemented by means of a drought propagation analysis. At the plot scale in the páramo region, the soil water content measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes dropped from a normal value of about 0.84 to ?0.60 cm3 cm-3, while the recovery time was 2-3 months. This did not occur at lower altitudes (Cumbe) where the soils are mineral. Although the soil moisture depletion observed in these soils was similar to that of the Andosols (27 %), decreasing from a normal value of about 0.54 to ?0.39 cm3 cm-3, the recovery was much slower and took about 8 months for the drought in 2010. At the catchment scale, however, the soil water storage simulated by the PDM model and the drought analysis was not as pronounced. Soil moisture droughts occurred mainly in the dry season in both catchments. The deficit for all cases is small and progressively reduced during the wet season. Vegetation stress periods correspond mainly to the months of September, October and November, which coincides with the dry season. The maximum number of consecutive dry days were reached during the drought of 2009 and 2010 (19 and 22 days), which can be considered to be a long period in the páramo. The main factor in the hydrological response of these experimental catchments is the precipitation relative to the potential evapotranspiration. As the soils never became extremely dry nor close to the wilting point, the soil water storage capacity had a secondary influence.
Aplicación de un modelo parsimonial conceptual de precipitación -escorrentía (VHM) en la subcuenca del río Tomebamba en Monay: evaluación temporal y espacial
(2010) Morales Tapia, Irma Andrea; Sánchez Loja, José Bolívar; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Application of hydraulic geometry to high gradient rivers in southern Ecuador
(2021) Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo ; Timbe Castro, Luis Manuel; Carrillo Serrano, Verónica Margarita; Petrie, Je E
Using hydraulic geometry (HG) theory, we investigated three rivers typical of the Ecuadorian mountainous region with longitudinal slopes ranging from 0.8% to 10% and coarse bed material with d50 ranging from 3 to 54 mm and values of d90 up to 908 mm. Extensive field measurements were performed to characterize geometric and hydraulic properties at 33 sites. Using these field data, at-a-station HG relationships were obtained for top width, average flow depth, and average flow velocity. Dimensional and dimensionless downstream HG relations were obtained for these parameters as well as the channel bed slope using the bankfull discharge estimated with at-a-station HG. The correlation coefficients indicate that the dimensionless equations adequately represent the observed data for all quantities with the exception of slope. In addition to a low correlation coefficient, the exponent on non-dimensional discharge was small in the downstream HG relation for slope. This small exponent indicates that slope is not dependent on discharge. Based on this finding, the non-dimensional HG relations were reformulated using both dimensionless discharge and bed slope as independent variables. These new relations show improved correlation coefficients and demonstrate the role of slope in determining channel width, flow depth, and average velocity in high gradient rivers
Artificial neural networks applied to flow prediction: A use case for the Tomebamba river
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Veintimilla Reyes, Jaime Eduardo; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo ; Vanegas Peralta, Pablo Fernando; Veintimilla Reyes, Jaime Eduardo
The main aim of this research is to create a model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that allows predicting the flow in Tomebamba river, at real time and in a specific day of a year. As inputs, this research is using information of rainfall and flow of the stations along of the river. This information is organized in scenarios and each scenario is prepared to a specific area. For this article, we have selected two scenarios. The information is acquired from the hydrological stations placed in the watershed using an electronic system developed at real time and it supports any kind or brands of this type of sensors. The prediction works very good three days in advance. This research includes two ANN models: Backpropagation and a hybrid model between back propagation and OWO-HWO (output weight optimization–hidden weight optimization) to select the initial weights of the connection. These last two models have been tested in a preliminary research. To validate the results we are using some error indicators such as MSE, RMSE, EF, CD and BIAS. The results of this research reached high levels of reliability and the level of error is minimal. These predictions are useful to avoid floods in the city of Cuenca in Ecuador.
Biological impact assessment of sewage outfalls in the urbanized area of the Cuenca river basin (Ecuador) in two different seasons
(2018) Jerves Cobo, Rubén Fernando; Lock, Koen; Van Butsel, Jana; Pauta Calle, Gladys Guillermina; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Nopens, Ingmar; Goethals, Peter L
We evaluated the biological water quality in relation to chemicals discharged through sewage outfall during both dry and rainy season. The lowland area of the Cuenca River basin in the southern Andes of Ecuador, including the city of Cuenca, constituted the study area. To perform an integrated water quality assessment, data were collected of macroinvertebrates, physicochemical conditions and morphological characteristics in 43 sites in the Cuenca River and its tributaries. The Andean Biotic Index (ABI) and the Biological Monitoring Working Party adapted to Colombia (BMWP-Col) were used to evaluate the biological water quality. Both biological indexes were higher upstream than downstream from the city. Moreover, these indexes indicated better conditions during the rainy season than in the dry season, based on the presence of more sensitive families. The biological indexes related more to the oxygen saturation than to the five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nutrients and chloride concentrations. The relationship between BOD5 and nutrient concentrations with the variation of both biological indexes was clearer in the dry season than in the rainy season. However, in some sites, these indexes were influenced more by morphological aspects than by pollutants. Both biological indexes showed similar patterns along the rivers, generally the BMWP-Col scored higher than the ABI index. The latter index was shown to be more suitable for the high Andes region. These results could be used to support the implementation of river restoration actions, such as determining priorities for splitting sewer and precipitation water transport systems and needs for improved wastewater treatment facilities in specific locations. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH
Biological water quality in tropical rivers during dry and rainy seasons: a model-based analysis
(2020) Jerves Cobo, Rubén Fernando; Eurie Forio, Marie Anne; Lock, Koen; Van Butsel, Jana; Pauta Calle, Gladys Guillermina; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Nopens, Ingmar; Goethals, Peter L
Recent studies on water quality in tropical rivers indicate substantial differences between seasons. However, investigations on the needs and added value of season-specific models are lacking. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy and relevance of season-specific and season-overarching models to predict biological water quality. Additionally, we investigated the variation of prediction accuracy using sub-datasets from different parts of the Cuenca River basin. This study was accomplished in the rivers that pass through the urban and suburban areas of the city of Cuenca, which is located in the southern Andes of Ecuador. The Andean Biotic Index (ABI) was used as an indicator of biological water quality. Subsequently, models were developed to predict the ABI, with physicochemical and morphological variables as predictors, which were collected in 43 sites during both the dry and the rainy seasons. The predictions were obtained using three kinds of generalized linear models (GLMs): Gaussian, Gamma and Inverse Gaussian. The season-specific models were more accurate than the season-overarching models. Similarly, the predictions of the biological water quality in sites sampled in the urban area were more accurate than the forecasts performed in reference sites. The major variables predicting the ABI during the dry season were five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium and orthophosphate, while dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen saturation (OS), nitrate, total solids proved to be important during the rainy season. The results of this research emphasize the importance of developing season-specific models and the implementation of different key actions for river restoration during both the dry and rainy seasons. The accuracy and the replication of these models could be improved and checked with more data taken from new sampling events. The modelling approach developed in this study can be applied to similar basins in the tropics and reveals that environmental investments need to count on monitoring strategies and data and analyses of the biological water quality variation in dry and rainy seasons, within the context of sustainable development.
Características de la información para la descripción de los procesos de escorrentía a escala de ladera y microcuenca en páramo
(2009) Dután Sanango, Alicia del Carmen; Padrón Palacios, Juana Priscila; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Caracterización de la carga de sedimentos en suspensión en la microcuenca del Río Tabacay
(2010) Cajas Parra, Daniela Cecilia; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Pacheco Tobar, Esteban Alonso
Carácterización de la conductividad hidráulica de los suelos de la subcuenca del Río Tarqui
(2012) Barbecho Chuisaca, Juan Gabriel; Calle Ortiz, Jhoana Elizabeth; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Caracterización de la erodibilidad de suelos en las zonas de alta producción de sedimentos en la cuenca media del Río Paute mediante el análisis de estabilidad de agregados
(2008) Cisneros Ramos, Juan Fernando; García V., Ana Isabel; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Caracterización de la producción de sedimentos en una microcuenca de montaña
(2009) Urgilés Mendieta, Edgar Rolando; Garcés Velecela, Diana Patricia; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo
Caracterización de los deslizamientos de tierra de gran magnitud en la cuenca del río Chanchán
(2007) Sánchez Racines, Juan Pablo; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe Eduardo; Galarza, Leoncio; Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime Asdrúbal
The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the big movements of land taken place in the river basin of Chanchán, inside a conceptual mark that allows to evaluate the factors of risk that gives the following landslides: geologic, geomorphologics, anthropics and meteorological; therefore to identify critical areas that require to implement geo-technics investigations and monitoring in the future. The technical parameter to model land slides in regional environments, demands great quantities of information and time. This investigation pretends to characterize the vulnerability factors of land slides through the employment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the evaluation of vulnerability and susceptibility of the different factors of risk in unstable areas. It makes possible to identify susceptible areas for big land slides inside the river basin of Chanchán; for this purpose the logistical regression was applied.