Browsing by Author "Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela"

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An experience aimed at promoting vernacular building culture in Susudel (Ecuador)
(ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2020) Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Vazquez Torres, Monica Lorena
The richness of the historical landscape environments of the popular architecture which is often built with vernacular systems whose technology and knowledge are transmitted from generation to generation through practice, suffers a series of threats caused by the irruption of new architecture models and the use of industrialized materials. Also the social factors have built stigmata and contempt or undervaluation for traditional ways of solving the habitat or architecture of community interest such as communal houses, temples, etc. This has caused a loss of quality and personality in the environments in which rural and marginal urban communities live in ecuadorian territory. One of the factors clearly identified as driving this breakdown of the natural process of loss of wisdom and knowledge, has been the distancing of new generations from what their parents do or did. Many times falsely articulated to a denial of local culture itself and ostentation on the basis of architecture unrelated to the place. With these considerations as a backdrop, a workshop for adults and children was set up. The objective was to build intergenerational bridges and to foster an appreciation of vernacular architecture, jointly discovering the benefits and the nobility of this way of doing architecture, and articulating it with the patrimonial values of the place. This article analyzes an experience applied between the years 2018 and 2019, in the community of Susudel, in Ecuador.
Análisis, diagnóstico y estrategias para la rehabilitación de la antigua hacienda de Llaviucu, Cajas, Ecuador
(FAADU-UMSA / PROTERRA, 2017) Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
The protection of the cultural and natural heritage of the ancestors depends on the arduous task of preserve. The biological and cultural diversity, present in the National Park Cajas located in the Azuay province - Ecuador, presents unique conditions of natural and scenic beauty. East site, through an appropriate management model, should be aimed at the conservation of natural and cultural goods for the enjoyment of present and future generations. Within an investigation developed in the Master in Conservation and Management of the Built Heritage of The University of Cuenca (Ecuador), considers the analysis of the recreation area of the National Park Cajas, called Llaviucu, in which the Old Hacienda de Llaviucu is located, building heritage of a wide wealth of traditional construction techniques (land), like others of the modern age (cooked earth, ceramics). The objectives of this document are aimed at evidence the values and importance of the site, as well as perform an analysis of the current state of the property and a diagnosis of the context in which the Old Treasury of Llaviucu, to end with the establishment of strategies for its conservation and rehabilitation. The Research methodology is developed from the analysis, identification and description of the site of study, deriving from it the objectives and an assessment process, including also an analysis of the legal basis to which the good is subject, to finally propose actions for protection and site rehabilitation.
Campaña de mantenimiento de las edificaciones patrimoniales de San Roque 2013-2014
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Achig Balarezo, María Cecilia; Cardoso Martínez, Fausto Adrián; Vazquez Torres, Monica Lorena; Jara Avila, David Francisco; Rodas Aviles, Tatiana Elizabeth; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth
El aroma del barrio nos recuerda que el barro, la madera, la piedra y el carrizo son nuestros símbolos; nos recuerda que la lluvia, el frío, el viento y el sol han despertado nuestro ingenio; nos recuerda que la técnica, la estética y el bien común pueden alearse. La piedra de la calle angosta, la madera de la estructura, el barro de la teja nos enamoran, nos mantienen vivos porque son símbolos de lo propio. Como torres robustas, como centinelas, como vigías eternos los barrios amurallan la ciudad de Cuenca, cuidan sus tradiciones, forjan su futuro. Allí, en el barrio, está la gente que le ha dado identidad a la ciudad, que la ha hecho única, que la ha hecho mejor, que la ha renovado, que la ha mantenido; allí está gente común, gente con identidad, gente que sin darse cuenta ha forjado la ciudad que hoy tenemos. Por su generosidad, San Roque dejó de ser el pueblo de acceso a la ciudad, pasó a ser la parroquia de jardines hermosos; y, en la actualidad, un barrio querido, encantador, lleno de tradiciones, de casas lindas y colores vivos que se refresca con la brisa del Tomebamba, con el vigor de su gente y con esa extraña mezcla de lo nuevo con lo viejo. El Proyecto Ciudad Patrimonio Mundial de la Universidad de Cuenca no ha renovado casas, no ha utilizado técnicas, no ha aplicado metodologías, se ha preocupado por el valor de nuestra cultura, de nuestras costumbres, de nuestras tradiciones; se ha preocupado del barrio, del espacio de la gente que ha construido la ciudad; se ha preocupado por rescatar nuestros símbolos, nuestro patrimonio. Ha hecho todo esto con base en la técnica, en la metodología y con el corazón en sus manos, colocando al ser humano como su razón de ser. Nos encontramos frente a un proyecto con sensibilidad y responsabilidad, con libertad e ingenio, con tolerancia y apertura.
Construcción en tierra en la provincia del Azuay y su aplicación en la casa de Tarqui
(Red Iberoamericana de Arquitectura y Construcción con Tierra, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 2017) Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
In Ecuador, particularly in the rural area of the Azuay province, the presence of vernacular architecture, which is characterized by the use of materials such as earth, tile and wood. To the time that this is inserted in the characteristic landscape of the mountainous areas, confronts the worthless architecture resulting from the migration that has caused the decline in Technological values in architecture. The House of Tarqui, located south of the city of Cuenca, promotes the rescue of vernacular architecture applied in contemporary architecture that harmonically implanted in context. You notice the way in which modernity, conceived as a new architectural expression and synonymous with progress, it generates devaluation of the construction on land, to the point that these modern construction systems replace the valuable ancestral techniques. In this context, the main objective of this work is to promote and preserve the construction with land, from the development of a construction project single family with the main premise of generating a link between the environment and its materials. The research part of the territorial analysis in relation to building materials and techniques with Earth. Subsequently it is considered as, through local labor, the recovery of social memory, trade and knowledge associated with building systems and materials traditional sector, in which a saving in resources is perceived since a large percentage of the Raw material is in the sector. The analysis of the architectural needs of the building, added to the study of earth construction techniques, resulted in the Tarqui house, which started at the end of 2016. The objective of this project is to promote the construction on land in the sector. At the same time it is intended to sensitize society and in turn demonstrate the comfort and quality of life that architecture on land offers.
Don victor and the maintenance booklets: a strategy to stimulate the resilience of the vernacular heritage of southern Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián
Among the most powerful reasons for the loss of heritage buildings in Ecuadorian Andean cities, the lack of valuation of these buildings by their owners has been persistently noted. Faced with this weakness, the value of the property is considered only for its exclusive real estate value which exposes the demolition to old buildings for speculative purposes.The gap established between the technical valuation of buildings by “experts” and the valuation of these by their owners or inhabitants, has not been possible to overcome for many reasons: The diverse interests, the economic needs of the owners, the difficulties to activate maintenance actions in a more spontaneous and simple way, and the progressive disappearance of people who know how to do it.Understanding the communication of ideas, values and procedures as a powerful tool to mitigate the distances between diverse actors, the CPM project of the University of Cuenca, has developed a series of tools aimed at maintaining the heritage buildings of Cuenca and its region. For this, the characteristics of local architecture, the colloquial language, the tradition of local graphic expressions and other forms of popular dissemination have been considered, resulting in a compendium of 11 documents that includes a cartoon with the name "The Adventures of Don Victor" and 10 thematic booklets in which problems are identified and basic solutions for heritage preservation are offered.
Edificaciones en tierra intervenidas en la campaña de mantenimiento de San Roque, Cuenca, Ecuador. Métodos visuales en la fase de diagnóstico
(Coordinación de Publicaciones y Difusión de FADA/UNA, 2016) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Briones Orellana, Juan Carlos; Piedra Landivar, Victor Cesar
The maintenance campaign carried out in the San Roque neighborhood at the beginning of 2014, promoted by the vlirCPM1 project and the FAUC2, concluded with an execution time considerably greater than that estimated in the diagnostic phase. This research aims to evaluate the methodology applied and find the factors that could cause this difference between the planned and executed, based on new knowledge of experts in the area of evaluation and diagnosis, it is expected that these additions to the methodology will allow more accurate estimate in subsequent campaigns.
El atlas de daños y su aplicación como herramienta de gestión para el patrimonio de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador
(EUMEDNET, 2018) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
In the World Heritage City of Cuenca, historical buildings are exposed to constant threats that cause deterioration. In order to conserve these cultural assets, the vlirCPM project has developed the Damage Atlas, a support tool for the management, maintenance and monitoring of built heritage. The present investigation aims to indicate the methodological process of the development of the Damage Atlas, as well as to show the results obtained through its validation and application in several case studies.
Estudio y propuestas de color para la arquitectura del centro histórico de Cuenca - Ecuador
(2016) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
From preventive conservation of heritage to preventive conservation of society: three case studies in the south of Ecuador
(Springer, Cham, 2019) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
The preventive conservation of heritage has developed management and behavioral strategies that, starting from common concepts, have resulted in specific and diverse actions, depending on the local characteristics of the environment in which they are applied. In Ecuador, the experiences developed in the vlir CPM (World Heritage City Preservation Management) research project of the University of Cuenca have been put to the test through methodologies and strategies applied in Cuenca, a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 1999, and in the rural settlement of Susudel, which at the time of the investigation was not yet protected as a national heritage. In these sites three maintenance campaigns were carried out, two in Susudel and one in Cuenca, making it possible to perform a comparative analysis between the methodological processes applied and the results obtained, which is the main objective of this research. This proposal critically explains these methodologies, identifying the concepts applied, characterizing the specific characteristics of each reality and explaining the entrepreneurial potential inspired by these experiences. The preventive conservation of heritage, the applied actions (maintenance and reinforcement of structural elements) and their impact on the involved communities can form a powerful social stimulus that includes: the preservation of heritage, social cohesion, the empowerment of inherited assets and the strengthening of identity. The present research concludes with reflections related to the identification of the factors of the preventive conservation of heritage that have an impact on the preventive conservation of society, its memory and its values.
From the Intervention of a Vernacular Heritage Structure in Oña – Ecuador, to the Improvement of the Cultural Landscape
(Springer, 2024) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
The San Francisco de Oña neighborhood is in southern Ecuador and is included in the national heritage list. About 20% of the heritage buildings are in an advanced state of deterioration, mostly abandoned and without maintenance. This article shows the intervention in one of these vernacular heritage buildings through a so-called Maintenance Campaign, which is an initiative developed by the University of Cuenca and is based on the recognition of values and the participation of different social and institutional actors through collaborative work, known as “minga” in the Andean world. The research was carried out based on two method-ologies: a) the preventive conservation methodology according to ICOMOS 2003 and b) the participatory methodologies according to RedCIMAS (2015), which allow for active interactions and mutual learning among its actors. The University of Cuenca developed twenty maintenance projects in the San Francisco de Oña neighborhood, although due to the Covid pandemic it was only possible to inter-vene in one building. This case study turned out to be very interesting, because not only was a heritage building rescued utilizing traditional constructive techniques, but also an urban project by the Municipality of Oña was halted, which would have led to the destruction of part of this building by transforming a narrow dirt road into a wide road for heavy traffic. If this project had been carried out, heritage in Oña would have been affected in two ways. First, one of the buildings with the highest heritage value of this neighborhood would have been lost and second, a drastic change would have occurred in the historical cultural landscape of the San Francisco de Oña neighborhood.
Heritage inventory as the base for a monitoring system in the world heritage city of Cuenca
(CRC Press, 2016) Heras Barros, Veronica Cristina; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Abril Moscoso, Johanna Carolina; Briones Orellana, Juan Carlos
The condition assessment of heritage buildings in the Historic Center of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador (World Heritage City), which is an essential element within the process of conservation, has historically been done in a rather subjective manner. This research project’s objective is to present a methodology that contributes to the determination, in an objective manner, of the building’s condition through the damage register. The information and experience obtained from the maintenance campaign in a traditional neighborhood in Cuenca, San Roque, is used as input. This project was a vlir CPM (City Preservation Management) initiative. It took place in 2014 with the support of among others the University of Cuenca, the Municipality and the local state government. Currently the results of the maintenance campaign are being evaluated. With the gathered information, it is possible to generate comparative analyses and determine the building’s condition, with its conservation as its aim.
Impacts from “Las Herrerias” maintenance campaign on the community
(Prensa CRC/Balkema, Taylor & Francis, 2021) Zalamea Patino, Olga Piedad; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
The article explores how a maintenance campaign on the “Las Herrerías” street in Cuenca – Ecuador impacted the community with regard to their perception of the cultural, social, environmental and economic value of heritage. This research aims to analyze and reflect on the influence of the intervention on buildings on the quality of life of the inhabitants and identify the perception of the community about the heritage values of the neighborhood. This article presents the thematic analysis of 18 interviews with owners, tenants, custodians and neighbors of the buildings involved in the maintenance campaign. The opinions of the participants have been organized according to the four pillars of sustainable development. These results have made it possible to generate an analysis of the performance on the site, with the aim of preserving the heritage values of the buildings.
Innovation and diversification of brick, Susudel – Ecuador
(CRC Press y Taylor & Francis Group, 2020) Rodas Aviles, Tatiana Elizabeth
The Later-Eris project, is developed within the framework of the World Heritage City Project of the University of Cuenca. This research focuses on the Susudel parish, located in the South of Ecuador, where it is observed that the majority of artisan producers offer them a single type of brick, known locally as a panelón (standard measurements 28x14x7 cm). This fact triggers a high competitiveness, accentuates the mono-production which affects an over-supply of an almost unique product and marketing at unsustainable prices, as this phenomenon unravels processes of unfair competition between producers. The objective of research is to innovate and diversify the production, from the floor covering brick, taking advantage of the potential and resources of the place, working alternatives with identity, based on the riches of the region. This is how, from the identification of the problem, a methodology of approach with artisans is proposed, which, more than the understanding of the productive dynamics and use of the cladding brick, promotes the conservation of the artisan production capacities, true tangible and intangible heritage in the study area. Additionally, the result is the innovation of designs and shapes, the characterization of the raw material and a joint work with artisans. Finally, a manual is generated that serves as a tool for the producers in order to be used as a reference.
La conservación de las capillas rurales del Azuay. Caso de estudio Quingeo y Santa Ana en Ecuador.
(2017) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
La minga: como modelo de construcción ancestral en las edificaciones de tierra en Azuay - Ecuador
(PROTERRA - Rede Iberoamericana de Arquitectura y Construcción con Tierra, 2018) Tenen Quito, Tania Patricia
Maintenance booklets for built heritage, applied in the Historical Center of Cuenca - Ecuador
(Universidad de Cantabria, 2020) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
The Latin-American cities declared by UNESCO World Cultural Heritage have a widespread problem due to the lack of maintenance of its vernacular architecture, which has caused and could contine to cause irreversible lossesof their heritage buildings.
Methodological process for the intervention in the patrimonial buildings of the neighborhood El Vergel, "Las Herrerías" street, Cuenca - Ecuador.
(Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Cantabria, 2020) Rodas Vazquez, Catalina Monserrath; Auquilla Zambrano, Silvia Alexandra; Rodas Aviles, Tatiana Elizabeth; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
Preventive conservation plan for the chapel of Susudel, Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020) Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
Ecuador is blessed by the presence of age-old buildings and places that deserve to be preserved. One of these places is Susudel, whose historical center was declared Cultural Heritage of Ecuador in 2013. One of the most emblematic buildings in the province of Azuay is located here, the chapel of Susudel. This chapel, which belongs to a large estate, is an example of colonial architecture in which traditional construction techniques and materials have been used, such as adobe, bricks, wood and roof tiles. This ancestral knowledge typical of vernacular heritage architecture deserves to be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations. This investigation shows several constructive elements that give a special technological value to the chapel. The interior of the chapel contains a significant sample of murals, which constitute a religious symbol of the colonial era. The aim of this investigation is to establish conservation strategies through the identification of stakeholders, roles, maintenance actions and maintenance tools that result in a preventive conservation and monitoring plan for the chapel. The methodology used is based on the preventive conservation phases as proposed by ICOMOS 2003: anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control, which is complemented by recommendations that include the active participation of the community and institutions responsible for the conservation of built heritage.
Preventive conservation tools in southern Ecuador
(2018) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present tools to support the preventive conservation of heritage buildings as part of the results of the vlirCPM research project. The tools presented are inventory systems, damage registration system, monitoring and control system, which include preventive conservation manuals and maintenance booklets.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology proposes the design of tools that support the preventive conservation of heritage buildings, which have been designed, tested and applied in the south of Ecuador through the use of maintenance campaigns in rural and urban areas.FindingsThe project developed and tested some important analysis methodologies that are now part of the research and documentation activities of the monuments of Cuenca, which have been addressed in this paper, such as the damage registration system of heritage buildings (SISREDA), the monitoring and control system, the preventive conservation manuals, the maintenance booklets and its application in the maintenance campaigns.Originality/valueThe city of Cuenca, recognized as Cultural Heritage of Humanity (UNESCO, 1999), has a wealth of heritage buildings which are susceptible to several threats that cause its deterioration. The vlirCPM (World Heritage City) research project of the faculty of architecture of the University of Cuenca has contributed to the development of tools to improve the management of world heritage sites in southern Ecuador. These tools are the result of ten years of research.
Recuperación de la arquitectura patrimonial, barrio El Vergel, Cuenca - Ecuador
(FUNDASAL, 2019) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
After six months of applied research in the El Vergel neighborhood, an insert site in the UNESCO area of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, within the framework of the Campaigns for the Maintenance of the Built Parliament, an initiative developed since 2011 by the Heritage City project World, was able to assess the problem of buildings with heritage value of Las Herrerías street. This diagnosis, as in previous experiences, was the basis for developing the IV Maintenance Campaign 2018, executed by the University of Cuenca, in cooperation with public and private entities, and with an active participation of the inhabitants of the neighborhood. This research begins with the analysis of buildings built with land, determining their state of conservation, and their heritage values, after which a technical process of shared decision-making was proposed in which it was important to consider variables such as participation, technical resources , economic resources, regulations, heritage values, habitability, etc., bringing to light the problems and solutions shared in each specific case on decks, facades and interiors, without electricity and water facilities that affect the security and stability of these monuments.