no. 13 (diciembre 2015)

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Browsing no. 13 (diciembre 2015) by Author "Cardona, Carlos A."

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    Análisis del proceso de extracción de antioxidantes del hueso de oliva
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Hernández, Valentina; Idárraga, Angela M.; Cerón, Ivonne X.; Romero-García, Juan M.; Castro, Eulogio; Dávila, Javier A.; Cardona, Carlos A.
    Olive tree cultivation is spreading worldwide due to the beneficial effects of olive oil consumption. Olive oil production process and table olive industries are the major sources of olive stones. Currently, this by-product is used in direct combustion to produce energy as electricity or heat. However, there are other possibilities for taking full advantage of this renewable source, and its recovery would represent an economic improvement for farmers. The olive stone not only contains primarily lignocellulosic, but also it has revealed the presence of phenolic compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties. For this reason, in this work the extraction of antioxidant compounds is proposed as a process with supercritical fluids for olive stone. These bioactive molecules can be used in the food industry, cosmetics, functional foods, and nutraceuticals additives. During the analysis of percent inhibition of DPPH method, an antioxidant capacity of 5.63 mg trolox equivalent (TE) per g dry matter was found.
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    Análisis tecno-económico y ambiental de la obtención de biofertilizantes bajo el concepto de biorefinería a partir de residuos cítricos
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Hernández, Valentina; Botero, Christian; Aristizábal, Valentina; Castro, Eulogio; Cardona, Carlos A.
    High costs of inorganic fertilizers in Colombia have caused serious economic problems for the agrarian class, because these agricultural supplies are indispensable to obtain high production yields. Therefore, it is required to considerate alternatives in order reduce the costs associated with the agricultural activity in the country. This paper presents an economic and environmental analysis of the production of biofertilizers from citrus waste through anaerobic digestion. Two scenarios are studied: (1) the first one evaluates the production of limonene and pectin from orange peel, and (2) in the second one, in addition to the mentioned products in the first scenario, biofertilizers are obtained from the solid waste resulting from limonene and pectin production processes. In the first scenario, profit margins of 93% and 57% for pectin and limonene are obtained, respectively. For the second scenario, profit margins of 94%, 48% and 61% for pectin, limonene and bio-fertilizers were obtained, respectively. These results demonstrate that the second scenario is the best from the economic point of view. It is also shown that scenario two generates lower potential environmental impact, being the most environmentally friendly.