Frecuencia de los trastornos del lenguaje en niños de 2 a 6 años del Centro de Desarrollo Humano IDEAS en la ciudad de Cuenca periodo 2020

Abstract

Background: Language disorders and their difficulties are the most striking symptom and the most common reason for initial consultation. They directly affect the correct functioning of other areas such as cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral selfregulation processes. Its acquisition is a very complex cognitive process that begins before birth, when the pediatric patient begins to develop the auditory system. From this point on, the patient will be exposed to the most genuinely human tool, language. However, a correct development is not guaranteed, as it is influenced by several individual, family, social and contextual factors, which may condition the appearance and/or pace of a correct development. Objective: to determine the frequency of language disorders in children aged 2 to 6 years who attended the IDEAS Human Development Center in the city of Cuenca, period 2020. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with 100 speechlanguage pathology records of patients from 2 to 6 years of age who attended the IDEAS center in 2020. The information was selected, collected and tabulated using the SPSS 24 program. The central tendency was used statistically by means of MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, dispersion statistics, variance and standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The results were presented in simple and contingency tables. Results: the frequency of language disorders was 37.5%; most of the population were men (81.5%), 3 years old (26.1%), with school attendance (54.5%) and a mediumhigh socioeconomic level (58%). A greater number of people with a language disorder was observed in the 3-year-old group with 11.4%. The sex that presented a higher frequency of language disorders were men with 31.8%. Conclusions: a high frequency of language disorders was determined in the IDEAS Center; in addition, an updated sociodemographic characterization of these patients was obtained.