Evaluación de parámetros microclimáticos en condiciones automatizadas en el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) bajo invernadero

Abstract

Currently greenhouses generate control of the environment where plants grow. They are used to increase the quality and yield of plantations in locations that have short growing seasons, or adverse lighting conditions due to their geographic location, improving food production. However, the lack of technification represents a decrease in production, an inappropriate microclimate is formed, causing stress in the plants. The microclimate inside a greenhouse must be controlled to guarantee good production, these factors directly affect the development of the crop in different phenological phases. The objective of this project is the evaluation of microclimatic parameters under a greenhouse, using a semi-automated module in a kidney tomato crop. The fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity was also evaluated, the influence of sensors and controllers on the agronomic aspects of the crop. For the evaluation, 2 treatments and a control were carried out, for the first a semi-automated module system (sensors and actuators) was used inside the greenhouse, the second with a module (sensors) and conventional handling and finally a module (sensors) was placed control in the external part of the greenhouse, later the data were evaluated by descriptive statistics due to the nature of the project. The use of the semi-automated system proved to have a control over the greenhouse microclimate, it presented statistical differences, with a p-value <0.0001 with a monthly average temperature of 31.23 ºC against the conventional system 37.66 ºC, average humidity of 53.05%, compared to the conventional system 76.60%. Regarding agronomic aspects, the semi-automated system had a positive influence, resulting in a plant height with an average of 87.66 cm, different from the conventional system with an average of 75.27 cm. Technification in crops helps to improve the quality and quantity of production.