Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de cuerpos extraños en vía respiratoria y digestiva atendidos en el servicio de pediatría del hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2014-2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND. - In pediatrics, unintentional accidents; as the ingestion of foreign bodies occurs, the exploratory capacity of children and the interest to recognize objects, being a common cause of morbidity. OBJECTIVE. - Determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of foreign bodies in the respiratory and digestive tract treated at the Pediatric Service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador during the period 2014-2018. METHODOLOGY. - This research is quantitative, descriptive. The universe consisted of 510 patients treated in the Pediatric Emergency and Hospitalization area with a foreign body diagnosis, with a sample of 241. The information was recorded from the medical records in a form prepared by the author, and analyzed in the SPSS program, and the qualitative variables are presented in frequencies and percentages and the quantitative variables as mean. RESULTS. - The age group 2 to 5 years was the most frequent (51%); the predominant female sex with (52.7%), the frequent sign cyanosis (14.5%) and the frequent symptoms dysphagia (27%) and cough (21.6%); the most frequent location in the digestive tract was the esophagus (34.9%) and in the respiratory tract the pharynx (28.2%); the predominant type of foreign body was inorganic (88.0%), the most widely used diagnostic method was thoracoabdominal radiography (78.4%), the most widely used extraction techniques: endoscopy (29.0%), and bronchoscopy (27.4%), among complications cricopharyngeal edema (22.8%). CONCLUSIONS. - A timely diagnosis reduces complications as this study showed.