Influencia del perfil antropométrico en el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas de élite de medio fondo de la categoría senior de la Federación Deportiva del Azuay

Abstract

Body composition and anatomical structure in high performance athletes play an important role due to the fact that they directly influence sports performance; therefore, this research was carried out with the objective of determining the influence of the anthropometric profile on the sports performance of elite middle-distance athletes in the senior category of the Azuay Sports Federation of the City of Cuenca. In order to determine the anthropometric profile, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, using anthropometric evaluations and equations supported by "ISAK". The statistical analysis was made using Excel and the statistical program SPSS in its version 20.0 for Windows The present study involved 5 male athletes with an average age of 20.8 and one female athlete of 20 years of age respectively. The male athletes presented a somatotype called mesomorphic-ectomorphic with an average dispersion distance of 2.1; while the female is in the ectomorphic-endomorphic category with a dispersion distance of 4.4. In terms of body composition, athletes have an average fat mass of 9.88%, muscle mass of 48.88% and the athlete has 47% muscle mass and 20.90% residual mass. In relation to the indexes of proportionality, there is a predominance of narrow thorax, trapezoidal trunk, lower middle extremities and middle trunk. Finally, it was compared the anthropometric profile with the physical performance of each sportsman, where it was observed that two sportsmen present similarity to the reference model as for the somatotype, and they are those who have a record with a minor difference of 0:18.42 compared with the world and national records in the 800 tests; on the contrary, in the 1500 test they have a difference of 1:39.63 with regard to the reference models