Riesgo laboral y su relación con los niveles de colinesterasa sérica debido al nivel de exposición en el uso de plaguicidas en los agricultores de tomate en invernadero, papa y durazno en la parroquia Bulán del cantón Paute, Ecuador, durante el 2018

Abstract

The main objective was determined the inhibition of serum cholinesterase biological indicator by pesticides exposition and relationship with occupational farmers' risks in Bulán Paute, in the southern region of Ecuador. The research involved conditioning factors: pesticide exposure and use of personal protective equipment and Included the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, working activities and protecting technology. The harvest farming groups were: potato, greenhouse tomatoes, and peach trees. To this end, a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a population of 83 male and female informal farmers occupationally exposed to different levels of pesticides. The farmers were grouped according to their agricultural activity into: Non-fumigators (sowers and harvesters) and Fumigators. To Fumigators and Non-fumigators an adapted survey was applied to collect information on perceived symptoms, and the activity of the enzyme Butylcholinesterase (BchE) in the blood of the 83 farmers was monitored.

A statistically significant difference was observed (p <0.05), establishing that the group of non-fumigators has a higher risk of inhibition in the enzyme. In addition, the values of the enzyme have been shown in 3 products below the reference value, there is no significant difference in the type of crop or age.

In addition, the research shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the average of activity of serum cholinesterase of fumigant farmers with the proximity of the crop to the family dwelling (p <0.019), with the number of hectares worked per year (p <0.035), and with the amount of years spent working in this type of farming activities (p <0.010).

Analyzing the occupational risk and its relation with the BChE activity, evidence of the population in the study, is not exposed to toxic levels of organophosphorus pesticides, during the cultivation and harvest, of its products.