Mortalidad en recién nacidos con peso menor a 1500 gramos y factores asociados. Neonatología. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca. 2011-2015

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight is a public health problem in terms of mortality and economic costs for health systems. However, in our locality there are few studies that evaluate the factors associated with the mortality of infants with very low birth weight (weight less than 1500 grams). Objective: To establish the prevalence of mortality in newborns weighing less than 1500 grams and its associated factors in the area of Neonatology of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Basin. Period 2011-2015. Methods: A quantitative and analytical study was carried out in all clinical records of very low birth weight infants. The chi-square statistic was used to determine association between variables and Odds Ratio (OR) to establish the probability of mortality in the study variables. All statistical test results were considered significant when the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 32.6%. Gestational age <34 weeks and birth weight <1000 grams were associated with higher mortality. The main associated factor for neonatal mortality (p<0.05) was: score ≤6 in the APGAR at the first minute; As well as the score ≤6 in the APGAR at the fifth minute. Respiratory distress syndrome and hyperglycemia showed significant associations with neonatal mortality. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of mortality in neonates with very low birth weight, which was associated with gestational age, birth weight, APGAR, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal hyperglycemia, and these factors should be considered for future studies, and be taken into account in the patients of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital