Determinación de iones, metales y pesticidas en Solanum tuberosum var. chaucha rosada provenientes de tres dosis diferentes de fertilización y aplicación convencional de plaguicidas

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is reflected in different investigations that have reported food contaminated with residues of these products. Added to this is the contamination of water and soil, which are often contaminated with heavy metals of anthropogenic or natural origin. For this reason, this study aimed to determine ions, metals and pesticides in potato Solanum tuberosum. var chaucha rosada. The study was carried out at the Irquis Experimental Farm of the University of Cuenca, with an experimental design Cuadrado Latino 4 x 4. Pesticides were sown and applied in conventional doses and the dose of fertilizers was varied, to then take and analyze water samples, soil and potatoes. Metals were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma; pesticides with High Resolution Liquid Chromatography and ions by UV Spectroscopy - visible. Of the 43 metals analyzed, all were below the LMP with the exception of Pb with a value of 0.1 mg/L, this was not influenced by the application of fertilizers or irrigation water, but by the location of the experimental plots, This is because the soil does not have a uniform concentration of metals. The concentration of ions (nitrates and phosphates) with respect to fertilizer doses did not show statistically significant differences. The pesticides were found outside the detection limits, this may be because the tubers were in the process of germination.