Factores asociados a la no adherencia farmacológica en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: drug adherence is a multiple and complex phenomenon that constitutes a challenge, because not only basic skills are required, but also the adequate cognitive, family, and social functioning that surrounds the environment of the elderly. Objective: to analyze the associated factors with drug non-adherence in elders with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: a systematic review of observational studies published between 2016 and 2020 was carried out, in Spanish and English and structured in qualified search engines such as Pubmed, HONcode Search, Science Direct, and Wiley online library. To search for publications, Boolean operators were used: O, Y, NO (in Spanish) and OR, AND, NOT (in English); the research strategies were based on keywords. Results: 14 articles were analyzed, in which the prevalence of pharmacological non-adherence ranged from 6.5% to 72.7%. Associated factors with statistical significance were observed: age (p = 0.039), social support (p = 0.014), educational level (OR 66.1; CI 6.93-630.43; p <0.001), not being married (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.04–3.51; p = 0.038), anxiety (p = 0.010), depression (p = 0.048) and emotional distress (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.013). Conclusions and implications: non-adherence to antidiabetic drugs is varied, it depends on sociodemographic, psychological, and family factors present in the elderly. Limitations: limited availability of articles concerning the topic and associated factors.