Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) sobre los factores que determinan la demanda de turismo en destinos naturales frágiles declarados Patrimonio Mundial

Abstract

The literature on the factors influencing tourism demand in protected natural areas is scattered across multiple disciplines and lacks an integrated perspective. The objective of this research was to identify and analyze the determinants of this demand in fragile destinations inscribed as UNESCO World Natural Heritage sites. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, applied to the Scopus and SciSpace databases, resulting in 14 articles published between 2021 and 2026. The findings indicate that perceptual factors were the most frequently reported, followed by motivational factors and those related to public policies. Economic factors, traditionally central, had a limited presence, which may be attributed to the search strategy employed. None of the analyzed studies identified sociodemographic variables as direct determinants, a gap that likely stems from design limitations in the reviewed studies rather than a genuine absence of effect. Scientific production is concentrated in China, with little representation from Latin America, which restricts the transferability of the results. The review also identified a lack of models that link climate change and demand, a predominance of cross-sectional designs, and a limited incorporation of the push-pull model. The main contribution of this review is to provide an organized overview of recent evidence and to highlight the methodological and geographical gaps that shape current knowledge about demand in these destinations.