Violencia Sexual en mujeres refugiadas: una mirada a los agresores a través de las percepciones de las víctimas

Abstract

This research addresses the issue of sexual violence against Colombian women in refugee status in the Ecuadorian context, specifically in the city of Cuenca. The objectives were to characterize these women according to sociodemographic variables; identify the manifestations of sexual violence against them; describe characteristics of the violators through the perceptions of their victims and design a psychoeducational intervention proposal aimed at prevention. We worked with a population of 101 women with a mixed research design whose data collection was carried out through a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. It stands out among the results that 89.1% of women have been sexually harassed and 73.3% are victims of sexual violence perpetrated by their partners, ex-partners, employers, tenants and strangers. Machist attitudes, jealousy, violent behaviors originating in the nationality of women, the use of affective-sexual control strategies, the consumption of alcohol and drugs and the tendency to physical and psychological aggression, are manifestations through which the violators are perceived by their victims. It is concluded that the background of the generalized violence experienced in Colombia, the consequences of forced displacement, cultural stereotypes that stigmatize Colombian women, impunity in the face of the violation of rights in the contexts where these people live and the difficulties for social insertion , are elements that complicate the relational dynamic of Colombian men and women in a refuge condition.