Factores asociados a displasia broncopulmonar en recién nacidos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Estudio de casos y controles

Abstract

Background: bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most important chronic morbidities associated with prematurity, with a multifactorial cause, due to prenatal and postnatal factors that, independently or in combination, have an additive or synergistic effect on its development. Objectives: determine the factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Methods: case-control study in Neonatology at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. 3 matched controls were selected for each case. The information was recorded in a form and analyzed in SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics, OR, 95% CI and p values were obtained. Results: in total 188 patients were included, 47 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (cases) and 141 without dysplasia (controls); 84 (44.7%) were men. The association between hypertensive states of pregnancy, antenatal corticosteroid, prematurity, low weight, endotracheal intubation, assisted mechanical ventilation, received surfactant, anemia, blood transfusions, hyaline membrane, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis showed a statistically significant association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, while those with pneumothorax did not have a statistically significant association, also those who received caffeine did not present an association in relation to its prevention. Conclusion: hypertensive states of pregnancy, antenatal corticosteroid, prematurity, low weight, endotracheal intubation, assisted mechanical ventilation, use of surfactant, anemia, transfusions, hyaline membrane, patent ductus arteriosus, sepsis can increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.