Estado auditivo de los miembros de la Corporación Aeroportuaria de Cuenca, 2023 - 2024

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL.) is a significant occupational health problem, considered the second most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss, after presbycusis. This type of hearing loss, usually irreversible, results from prolonged exposure to loud noise in work environments and affects the quality of life of workers. A descriptive and observational study was conducted with 80 employees of Cuenca Airport Corporation in 2023-2024. Data was obtained from audiometry tests and sociodemographic characteristics from an anonymized database. Data was presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study population mainly comprised males (80%), with a mean age of 40.85 years. 31.2% of the participants had hearing loss, with the sensorineural type predominating (20%). The most common degrees of hearing loss were moderate (15%), while 5% had severe hearing loss. These results are consistent with previous studies reporting similar prevalence in noisy work environments. Noise-induced hearing loss is a prevalent condition in this population, with a significant impact on the quality of working life. Most of the identified cases are mild or moderate, which highlights the importance of implementing early preventive measures like hearing conservation programs, periodic monitoring of hearing health, and reduction of environmental noise. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive policies that address noise as a priority occupational risk factor.