Prevalencia de interacciones medicamentosas en pacientes geriátricos atendidos en medicina interna del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga de enero a diciembre de 2019

Abstract

Background: Geriatric patients are more likely to suffer drug interactions (MI), due to the high consumption of drugs and may show unwanted effects. Objective: To determine the prevalence of drug interactions in geriatric patients treated in Internal Medicine of the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital from January to December 2019. Methods: Descriptive and observational study. A total of 208 medical records were analyzed. For the sample size, the Epidat program was used, to identify pharmacodynamic drug interactions (IM), the Medscape platform. The analysis was performed using SPSS v25 software, normality tests and descriptive statistics.

Results: The prevalence of MI was 83.7%, the patients under study are older than 65 years, hospitalized in the internal medicine service. According to sex, similar data were found between men and women, 50.96% and 49.04% respectively and mostly primary education (n=138, 66.35%). Polypharmacy presented (n=196, 94.2%), the most frequent underlying diseases were, hypertension (HTN) (n=141, 67.7%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n=72, 34.61%) and hyperthyroidism (n=47, 22.9%) and the most used medication was losartan (n=70, 33.65%). The main pathology of hospitalization was Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and the most commonly used drugs were antibiotics, followed by analgesics, anticoagulants and inhibitors of gastric secretion. Synergism represented the main type of interaction (n=533, 59%) and according to severity, moderate interactions were the most frequent (n=563, 60%). Conclusions: In this research, an 83.7% prevalence of drug interactions was found in hospitalized geriatric patients.