Prevalencia de pérdida auditiva en usuarios de la tercera edad del centro fonoaudiológico Audiolife. Periodo 2019

Abstract

Background: Hearing is the most important sensory input channel of the human being, being the basis of communication, this process is generated by anatomically designed structures with a specific function, the auditory function remains conscious throughout life we are exposed to sounds the which are integrated and processed by the auditory cortex. When the sensory organ is exposed to risk factors it can cause deterioration of the hair cells in the organ of Corti. Among all risk factors, age is a cause of decreased audiological function and is known as hearing loss or hearing loss, which is a common clinical manifestation in the elderly population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in elderly users who attended the AUDIOLIFE speech therapy center in the period 2019. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and observational study was carried out. Its development was carried out from the Clinical History of the patients who attend the AUDIOLIFE Speech and Language Center in the period January 2019 - December 2019. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss found was 93.67%. The age group with the greatest hearing loss was located in users older than 75 years with a percentage of 54.1%, the majority of the population studied were men with 55.4% (n = 41). The type of hearing loss with the highest prevalence was sensorineural with 75.7%, the grade that occurred more frequently was moderate with 39.2% and in terms of extension, bilateral was predominantly evidenced with a 97.3%. The occupation that occurred most frequently was that of a seamstress with 39.2% (n = 29). All patients had one or more comorbidities. With the following distribution: 60.8% (n = 45) had hypertension, 33.8% (n = 25) of patients had DM and finally 20.3% (n = 15) of patients had hypercholesterolemia at the time of the poll.