Uso de material didáctico para la enseñanza de los campos electromagnéticos en el Bachillerato General Unificado

Abstract

This study addresses the persistent difficulty faced by students in the Bachillerato General Unificado in understanding abstract physics concepts, particularly those related to electromagnetic fields, whose invisible nature and theoretical complexity hinder learning. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with teachers from various educational levels to explore their perceptions of the use of didactic materials in physics teaching. The results showed that didactic materials are key pedagogical tools to facilitate meaningful learning, promote student engagement, and connect content with real-life situations. In response, an educational proposal was developed consisting of four instructional guides, each accompanied by concrete materials, structured according to the 5E inquiry-based learning model. These guides aim to enhance active knowledge construction, collaborative work, and critical thinking development through experimentation. It is expected that this proposal will not only improve the understanding of electromagnetic fields but also strengthen students' motivation and autonomy throughout their educational process.