Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a hipotensión arterial inducida por anestesia raquídea en la cesárea en los hospitales Vicente Corral Moscoso y José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2021

Abstract

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the most used neuraxial technique in cesarean section, its frequent adverse effect is hypotension. There are risk factors associated with maternal hypotension such as: non-rupture of the amniotic sac, high sensory blockade, high product weight, overweight and obesity, among others; that by identifying them could be prevented or treated in a timely manner. General Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with arterial hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in cesarean section at the Vicente Corral Moscoso and José Carrasco Arteaga Hospitals. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 338 pregnant patients at term who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The variables studied were: arterial hypotension, age, nutritional status, history of hypertension or hypotension, basal heart rate, amniotic sac rupture, multiple gestation, newborn weight, sensory level. Data were recorded in the form and processed in SPSS version 15. The prevalence ratio was obtained with a 95% CI, x2 with the p value. Results: The prevalence of arterial hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in cesarean section was 60.40%. Arterial hypotension had a statistically significant association with age >35 years (PR of 1.78 with a CI 95%: 1.03-3.12), non-rupture of the amniotic sac (PR of 2.48 with a CI 95%: 1.09-5.66) and the sensitive level between T1-T4 (PR of 2.77 with a 95% CI of 1.05-5.84). Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia is high, similar to that obtained in other international studies.