Las nociones espaciales y su influencia en el aprendizaje de niños y niñas en educación inicial

Abstract

This degree project is a monographic study that analyzes the influence of spatial notions on the learning process of children aged 3 to 5 years. A qualitative approach was used, using documentary research through the review and analysis of various bibliographic sources, in order to theoretically support the development and influence of these notions in children aged 3 to 5 years. The skills related to spatiality in the curricula of Ecuador, Chile, and Spain were analyzed. Finally, strategies and activities to promote the development of spatiality are described. The following conclusions were obtained: a) the use of the body itself as the main point of reference to understand indications relates to spatial terms (up-down, front-back, among others); b) its acquisition enhances attention, concentration, and orientation skills, which are essential for learning reading, writing, and math; c) lack of attention to its developmental progress may lead to learning difficulties; d) through curricular analysis, pedagogical similarity was found among the three countries, addressing spatial skills progressively with an emphasis on exploration and interaction whit the environment; e) finally, the need to implemented didactic strategies such as play and physical activities is emphasized, in order to promote meaningful learning and achieve an understanding of spatial notions, preparing children for future learning.