Influencia de la actividad física en la gestación. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: during pregnancy, physical activity (PA) acquires peculiar consideration because it is a period in which various anatomical-physiological and psychic changes occur. General objective: to evaluate the influence of physical activity in pregnancy. Methodology: systematic review. Randomized clinical trials, meta-analyzes, cohort and case- control and descriptive trials published in the last 5 years with quality of evidence quartile one to three were included. The electronic databases used were: Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo; Descriptors in English and Spanish were used for the search, Boolean search engines were simultaneously applied: and, or and not to specify the search. Results: in four articles, a great variability of PA was verified during pregnancy; the factors related to physical inactivity in pregnancy listed in four articles were: sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive. Rodríguez, Vásquez and Carpenter showed a positive influence of exercise on systolic and diastolic pressure, peripheral resistance and heart rate; physical activity improved ischiopubertal flexibility and spinal curvature, cord blood saturation, birth weight, and Apgar score. Likewise, other authors such as: Du, Ming, Nguyen, positioned exercise as a protective factor in gestational diabetes. Conclusions: scientific evidence supported that physical activity during pregnancy without obstetric and / or medical contraindications and with adequate supervision turned out to be a safe and beneficial practice. Limitations: access to high-quality information of evidence by economic category