Prevención de la hipotermia perioperatoria en anestesia general. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Hypothermia is defined at a body temperature below 36 ° C, it is considered the "hidden enemy" of surgical procedures, its incidence ranges from 20% to 70%, it has a direct impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality, for this reason strategies have been established for its prevention. Objective: To determine the best strategies to prevent perioperative hypothermia. Methodology: Systematic review without meta-analysis, based on the prism statement. The studies were obtained from electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library Plus (English, Portuguese and Spanish), maximum 5 years old, acquiring the information according to the PICO strategy, it was registered in a database, author, journal, quintile, year and place of publication. To assess the risk of bias of the studies, the criteria of the CONSORT guide were used. Results: 18 studies that met the eligibility criteria were analyzed; 16 controlled clinical trials and 2 systematic reviews published by Cochrane. Comparisons were made, either of 2 groups (strategy versus control) or of 3 groups (control-strategy 1-strategy 2), only one study analyzed an entire comprehensive heating system. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that forced air heating is one of the most used strategies and the benchmark for comparison, even though the self-heating blanket and active heating were statistically better. It should be noted that the studies do not analyze applicability criteria, so these strategies must be reviewed and evaluated in each of the contexts.