Prevalencia de caries de la temprana infancia y de sus factores de riesgo asociados en niños que asisten a Centros Infantiles del Buen Vivir (CIBV) Medio Ejido y Popular Sayausí, Cuenca. Julio - Diciembre 2018

Abstract

Early childhood caries (CTI) is a destructive oral disease that affects the tissues of children under 72 months (1). Objective: To determine the prevalence of early childhood caries through the ICDAS II system as well as the associated risk factors through the CAMBRA protocol for children from 0 to 5 years old. Materials and Methods: This work is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which the prevalence of early childhood caries was evaluated, as well as the risk factors associated to 68 children under four years of age in two Child Development Centers (Medio Ejido and Sayausí Popular). For the oral examination, individual clinical records with odontogram and the ICDAS (International System for the detection and evaluation of dental caries) were used. And to establish the associated risk factors, the CAMBRA protocol for children from 0 to 5 years old was used. Results: ICDAS codes 1 and 2 (incipient lesions) were the most severe in 36.8% of the investigated and ICDAS codes 3, 4, 5 and 6 (cavitated lesions) in 63.2%. Regarding the associated factors, 55.9% of participants present a moderate risk of getting early childhood caries. The risk factor with the highest prevalence (82.35%) is the consumption greater than three times daily of sugary snacks / cooked starch or sugary drinks. Conclusions: This study suggests that children under 4 years of age show a high prevalence of early childhood caries and that diet is one of the factors that contribute most to the development of this pathology. It is recommended to implement oral education programs for parents and for teachers who care for children