Percepciones sobre la no denuncia de la violencia de género contra la mujer: un análisis crítico de los factores sociodemográficos, culturales y jurídicos en la parroquia General Morales del cantón Cañar, en Ecuador, año 2024

Abstract

This research critically analyzed the sociodemographic, cultural, and legal factors that condition the non-reporting of gender-based violence against women in the General Morales parish of the Cañar canton, Ecuador, during 2024. It focused on the perceptions of justice operators from the Cantonal Council and Cantonal Board for the Protection of Rights using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design and exploratory-descriptive scope. Intentional non probabilistic sampling was used, applying in-depth interviews and focus groups with justice operators to investigate knowledge, experiences, and perceptions about contextual factors that foster the omission of reports. Reflective thematic analysis identified three phenomenological essences: "existential geographies of exclusion" (sociodemographic factors such as economic dependence, linguistic exclusion, and territorial isolation), "cosmologies of subordination" (cultural factors including normalization of violence, gender stereotypes, and social pressure), and "institutionalized unprotection" (legal factors such as normative gaps, procedural revictimization, and institutional lack of coordination). The findings showed that non-reporting constitutes a systemic, multi-level phenomenon that goes beyond individual decisions, configured at the complex intersection of patriarchal structures, institutional dynamics, and specific territorial experiences. The research contributes to forensic social work by providing situated phenomenological understandings that enable the design of contextualized interventions for rural and Indigenous territories, strengthening public policies with a gender and intercultural focus.