Prevalencia y factores asociados a peso bajo placentario en el post parto. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, 2020

Abstract

Introduction: low placental weight has been related to gestational complications, for which it is important to determine its frequency and associated factors. General objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low placental weight in the postpartum period of patients who consult in the Obstetrics department of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2020. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study, the sample was 222 pregnant patients who met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected by a validated form and created by the author. The information was analyzed using the SPSS V.23 program. Results: Patients older than 20 years predominated with 85.6%, the level of instruction was high school in 79.7%, in the same way, with a gestational age range greater than 37 weeks in 77.5% and 86.0% were overweight / obese, the frequency of low placental weight was 24.8%, being associated with statistical significance at age under 20 years (OR = 5.31, 95% CI = 2.42-11, 66; p = 0.001) and being nulliparous (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.41-4.90; p = 0.009), while gestational age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0, 45-1.97; p = 0.885) and a history of arterial hypertension (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.47-2.17; p = 0.969), alterations in nutritional status (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.28-1.47; p = 0.298), anemia (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 0.99-7.15; p = 0.082) and diabetes (OR = 4.28, 95% CI = 0.92-19.79; p = 0.065) were not associated with this condition. Conclusion: placental weight was found to be associated with nulliparity and age under 20 years, for which special care should be applied in these population groups at the time of prenatal consultation.