Evaluación de la actividad biocida de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro y níquel sobre hongos fitopatógenos Penicillium sp. y Fusarium sp. en condiciones in vitro

Abstract

The phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. they are responsible for yield losses of up to 80% in cereal crops, vegetables, flowers, fruits and underground products, resulting in serious economic losses. Iron and Nickel Oxide nanoparticles constitute an important tool in the development of ecological agriculture for the sustainable management of phytopathogenic diseases, both for it ́s biocidal activity, due to their small size and their large contact surface in relation to volume. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the biocidal activity of Iron Oxide and Nickel nanoparticles in solution form and nanofibers on the phytopathogenic fungi Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. under in vitro conditions. The present study was carried out in the laboratories of the University of Cuenca. Assays were performed using the agar well diffusion method. The percentage of mycelial growth was recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days, from the establishment. A statistically significant difference was found in the percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth in Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Through the results it was possible to determine that the solution concentrations of 0.0075mg and 0.01mg and the nanofibers of 6 and 8 layers showed an greater inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp.