Hipoglicemia y factores asociados en recién nacidos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2018-2019

Abstract

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the most frequent metabolic pathologies in the neonatal period, which increases morbi-mortality in the newborn and can leave permanent sequelae; however, it could be prevented or diagnosed and treated early. Objective: To determine the factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, in newborns in the neonatology service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2018 – 2019. Methodology: An analytical, case-control study was performed, matched by the scale of gestational age, sex and maternal residence. With a 2: 1 ratio, the sample was 101 cases and 202 controls. The data were tabulated using SPSS program version 15.0. Association analysis was performed with Chi-square, and quantified by Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval, and with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: Paired data were comparable: gestational age (p =1), sex (p = 0.2) and, maternal residence (p = 0.673). Statistically significant factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia are small for gestational age (OR 2,54; CI 1,54-4,20; p 0,000) and intrauterine growth restriction (OR 2,1; CI 1,29-3,54; p 0,003); while gestational diabetes (OR 1.2; CI 0.37-4.88; p 0.649), macrosomia (OR 1.2; CI 0.28-5.1; p 0,800) and, respiratory distress syndrome (OR 0.89; CI 0.54-1.47; p 0.672) were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Neonatal hypoglycemia is associated with the factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age.