Determinantes sociales y económicos que están generando inequidades del gasto en salud entre los diferentes sectores geográficos y grupos humanos del Ecuador

Abstract

This is a descriptive and analytical study to better understand the social and economic determinants that generate differences in the distribution of health spending in different geographical areas and groups in Ecuador. The study group was the Ecuadorian population in which the variables were analyzed spending on health, social, economic and health conditions by two or three indicators. The information source was the database of INEC Household Surveys V Round. The analysis of inequalities was done by Lorenz Curve and Gini Index. To determine the association between variables, linear regression was used bimodal and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The absolute spending health accounted for 5% of total income of the population. The region where was spent more was coast with 50.27% of total. By sex, men spend 38% of total. In the mountains spends 1.24 times more than in the Amazon and 1.09 times more than on the coast. The Amazonian indigenous women spent 2.8 times more than the rest. The inequality is similar in the regions and by sex. For the mulatto and black ethnicity in the mountains, coast and east are where the greatest disparities occur. The factors would be correlated with health expenditure are: region, sex, age, ethnicity, mother's studies, child care assistance, transfer time to the service and waiting time (p = 0.000).

PALABRAS CLAVE: Inequidades, desigualdad, determinantes sociales, Lorenz, Gini.