Características transfusionales y hemovigilancia de los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer en el Instituto SOLCA núcleo de Cuenca, enero-diciembre, 2021

Abstract

Background: Transfusion therapy is not free of risks, hemato-oncology patients are the most transfused, for this reason the need of hemovigilance. Objective: Identify the transfusion characteristics and hemovigilance of pediatric patients with cancer at SOLCA Institute of Cuenca, January-December 2021. Method: A descriptive study was carried out with all patients under 18 years of age who required transfusions and all blood transfusions performed at SOLCA-Cuenca 2021. The data were collected using a previously validated form and were analyzed in the SPSS v25.0 program, presenting them as frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Results: 73 patients and 620 transfusions were studied, predominantly: adolescents (45.2%), males (63%), half-blood people (98.6%), urban people (76.7%), ORH+ group (83.5%), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (49.3%) and induction chemotherapy (41.1%). 58.9% had a history of transfusion and 4.1% a previous reaction (urticaria). The mean transfusion per patient was 8.49 and 7.1% were premedicated with steroids; mainly erythrocyte concentrates (49%) were transfused to anemia (95.4%) at 9.32ml/kg (mean) in 121 to 180 minutes (56.9%). From 3.1% of reactions evidenced, 100% were immediate, non-infectious (urticaria 84.2%), definitive and were treated with medication (84.2% steroids); 79% of reactions were mild; were secondary to erythrocyte concentrates (47.4%), apheresis (47.4%) and; evidenced in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (31.5%). Conclusions: Patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia required more blood transfusions, mainly erythrocyte concentrates; while transfusion reactions were frequently associated with erythrocyte concentrates and apheresis.