Prevalencia de fonemas alterados en niños y niñas del Distrito 01d01 de educación, Cuenca, 2017

Abstract

Background: Functional dyslalia is the alteration of one or several phonemes by the absence or alteration of speech sounds, or by the substitution of these by others; these alterations extend beyond 4 years of age and are considered as the most frequent alterations of expressive language. Course objective: To determine the prevalence of altered phonemes in children between 5 and 8 years of age in the Educational Units of District 01D01 of the City of Cuenca.

Method and materials: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 296 boys and girls between 5 and 8 years of age in the Educational Units of District 01D01 of the City of Cuenca. Two validated tests were used: the Peripheral Oral Mechanism Test and the Logopedic Examination Test. The data were tabulated in SPSS software version 15, a descriptive analysis of frequencies and percentages presented in tables and graphs.

Results: Children of 5 years represent the largest group with 38.5%; the predominant sex was male with 65.9%. The group of alveolar phonemes presents a higher prevalence of alterations in 32%, having in their group the phonemes /s/ (30.4%), the phoneme /l/ in (19.3%); the phoneme /n/ (8.1%); the phoneme /r/ (55.4%) finally in the phoneme /rr/ (47%). It was the children the age group between 5 and 6 years who were most affected by speech alterations.