Niveles de ansiedad en niños y niñas preescolares de 4 a 5 años de edad en tres instituciones de la ciudad de Cuenca en el periodo lectivo 2020-2021

Abstract

Childhood anxiety disorder is a phenomenon that is recently investigated worldwide because of the negative effects it has on the family, social, school and personal functioning of children. The general objective of this research was to describe the levels of pre-school anxiety and their dimensions in children aged 4-5 years in three institutions in the city of Cuenca during the school period 2020-2021, in turn, the specific objectives were identify preschool anxiety levels according to the characterization of the population, examine the dimensions of preschool anxiety in relation to sociodemographic variables. The study proposed a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology with an exploratory and descriptive scope. The study participants were 56 parents/primary caregivers who provided information on children between the ages of four years (48 months) and five and a half years (66 months). Preschool anxiety scale of Spence's (PAS) and a sociodemographic file were used for information collection. Data analysis was performed using Google Forms and the SPSS program. The results indicate that 52 preschoolers are in the low category of anxiety, with four exhibiting a dawn anxiety category. In addition, a high level of total anxiety was found in the group of: Four years of age, in girls compared with boys, rural location and those living in an extended family. Finally, the predominant dimensions were obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).