Características clínicas del granuloma piógeno en la cavidad oral: revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Pyogenic granuloma, known as PG,is a vascular lesion of benign origin characterized by rapid proliferation, commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes. It appears as a reddish, bleeding, and pedunculated mass. The importance of an accurate diagnosis for differen tial exclusion is emphasized. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical and etiological characteristics of pyogenic granuloma in the oral cavity according to the most recent studies and to establish its significance within dental practice. Materials and Methods: A narrative literatura review study was conducted. The search strategy was carried out in multiple digital databases such as SciELO, Scopus, and PubMed, resulting in 1,619 articles, of which 29 that met the established criteria were used. Discussion: PG is of multifacto rial origin, being frequent in cases of puberty and pregnancy, since in these conditions the pathology is influenced by estrogens and progesterone. It frequently occurs in young women. Although the WHO considers it a benign tumor, histopatholog ical exam is recommended to rule out alignant pathologies. PG frequently presents on the lips, gums, and tongue. Treatments for the pathology generally include surgery and its variants such as cryosurgery, sclerotherapy, and CO2 laser, each with pros and cons. Conclusion: Within the bibliography, consensus is reached on its multifactorial origin, advantages and disadvantages of different treatments, and possible complications of the lesion’s persistence in the mouth without treatment.